Table 3.

Adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for risk of PDO death by ED utilization, demographic and clinical characteristics, SPARCS ED data, New York State, 2006–2010

Characteristic	OR (95% CI)
ED visits in the past year
2	4.90 (4.50–5.34)
3	16.61 (14.72–18.75)
≥4	48.24 (43.23–53.83)
Age, y
18–24	0.49 (0.44–0.54)
35–44	1.86 (1.71–2.01)
45–54	1.74 (1.60–1.90)
55–64	0.82 (0.74–0.92)
Race
Black or African American	0.27 (0.25–0.29)
Native American/Asian/Pacific Islander	0.27 (0.21–0.34)
Other or Unknown	0.42 (0.39–0.45)
Sex
Male	2.35 (2.22–2.50)
Discharged AMA at initial ED visit	1.38 (1.16–1.63)
Drug or alcohol abuse, or dependence diagnosis	5.40 (4.84–6.03)
Mental health diagnosis	3.71 (3.23–4.14)
Pain-related diagnosis	1.73 (1.60–1.86)
Other diagnosis	1.38 (1.26–1.50)