Table 2.

Conditional univariate logistic regression analysis of exposures for Nipah encephalitis during December 2010-March 2011 Nipah season in Bangladesh

	Cases (N = 40)		Controls (N = 155)
Risk factors	n	%	n	%	mOR (95% CI)	P value
Male	29	73	81	52	2.6 (1.2–5.7)	0.02
Climbed a tree	7	18	26	17	1.12 (0.4–3.2)	0.83
Drank raw date palm sap	22	55	18	12	9.6 (4.0–22.9)	<0.01
Sap harvester by profession	3	8	0	0	Undefined	1.00
Touched someone with fever and altered mental status or  were in the same room with someone with those symptoms	9	23	5	3	10.3 (2.8–38.4)	<0.01
Contact with living animals
Cows	16	40	80	51	0.6 (0.3–1.3)	0.17
Goats	18	45	64	41	1.2 (0.6–2.7)	0.61
Sheep	1	3	0	0	Undefined
Pigs	1	3	0	0	Undefined
Dogs	3	8	4	3	4.2 (0.7–26.1)	0.13
Cats	3	8	7	5	1.8 (0.4–7.2)	0.13 0.42
Fruit bats	0	0	0	0	Undefined
Contact with sick animal
Cow	0	0	5	3	Undefined
Goat	2	5	5	3	1.7 (0.3–9.4)	0.56
Pig	0	0	0	0	Undefined
Ate meat of a sick animal	6	15	16	10	1.6 (0.6–4.5)	0.39
Report of seeing bat during the day near home	9	23	10	7	4.4 (1.6–11.9)	<0.01
Report of seeing a bat at night near home	36	90	71	46	45.7 (6.1–345.1)	<0.01
Ate fruit
Plums	21	53	102	66	0.5 (0.2–1.1)	0.08
Bananas	23	58	93	60	0.9 (0.4–2.0)	0.81
Papayas	18	45	53	34	1.6 (0.8–3.3)	0.20
Sapodillas	1	3	5	3	0.6 (0.0–12.4)	0.77
Carambolas	7	18	38	25	0.6 (0.2–1.6)	0.32
Guavas	7	18	44	28	0.5 (0.2–1.3)	0.16
Ate fruit fallen onto ground
Plums	14	35	48	31	1.3 (0.6–3.1)	0.52
Papayas	3	8	4	3	3.0 (0.8–13.4)	0.15
Carambolas	4	10	14	9	1.2 (0.3–4.1)	0.82
Guavas	4	10	12	8	1.4 (0.4–5.3)	0.62

mOR, Matched odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.