TABLE 1.
Sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with lifetime prefilled syringe use (PFSU) among persons who inject drugs in San Diego, CA (n = 574)
| Total | PFSU ever | PFSU never | OR | 95 % CI | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | 193 (33.5 %) | 383 (66.5 %) | ||||
| Mean age, years (mean, sd) | 43.4 (11.7) | 43.4 (11.8) | 43.3 (11.7) | 1.00 | 0.99, 1.02 | 0.92 |
| Male gender | 420 (73.9 %) | 147 (77.0 %) | 273 (72.4 %) | 0.83 | 0.57, 1.20 | 0.32 |
| Race/Ethnicity | 0.12 | |||||
| White, Non-Hispanic | 293 (50.9 %) | 101 (52.3 %) | 192 (50.1 %) | - | - | |
| Hispanic | 178 (30.9 %) | 67 (34.7 %) | 111 (29.0 %) | 1.15 | 0.78, 1.69 | |
| Black, Non-Hispanic | 51 (8.9 %) | 12 (6.2 %) | 39 (10.2 %) | 0.59 | 0.29, 1.17 | |
| Other | 54 (9.4 %) | 13 6.7 %) | 41 (10.7 %) | 0.60 | 0.31, 1.18 | |
| Yearly Income (≥$10,000 vs. <10,000) | 184 (32.1 %) | 62 (32.3 %) | 122 (31.9 %) | 0.98 | 0.69, 1.43 | 0.93 |
| Marital status (Single vs. Married) | 511 (88.7 %) | 172 (89.1 %) | 339 (88.5 %) | 1.06 | 0.61, 1.84 | 0.83 |
| Education level (<=High School vs. >High School) | 207 (35.9 %) | 53 (27.5 %) | 154 (40.2 %) | 1.78 | 1.22, 2.59 | <0.01 |
| Homeless (yes vs. no) | 352 (61.1 %) | 130 (67.4 %) | 222 (58.0 %) | 1.50 | 1.04, 2.15 | 0.03 |
| Mean years injecting (mean, sd) | 20.8 (13.5) | 21.9 (13.4) | 20.3 (13.5) | 1.00 | 1.00, 1.02 | 0.17 |
| Mean age first injection, years (mean, sd) | 22.6 (8.2) | 21.5 (7.3) | 23.1 (8.6) | 0.98 | 0.95, 1.00 | 0.06 |
| Substance abuse related factors | ||||||
| Injected crack weekly, last 6 months (yes vs. no; n = 552) | 19 (3.4 %) | 10 (5.3 %) | 9 (2.4 %) | 2.23 | 1.01, 6.07 | 0.05 |
| Injected heroin weekly, last 6 months (yes vs. no) | 310 (56.2 %) | 114 (60.3 %) | 196 (54.0 %) | 1.30 | 0.91, 1.85 | 0.16 |
| Injected heroin more than daily, last 6 months (yes vs. no) | 170 (30.8 %) | 73 (38.6 %) | 97 (26.7 %) | 1.73 | 1.19, 2.51 | <0.01 |
| Used two or more drugs per week, last 6 months (yes vs. no) | 317 (55.0 %) | 118 (61.1 %) | 198 (52.0 %) | 1.61 | 1.13, 2.29 | 0.04 |
| Ever rushed injection due to police presence (yes vs. no) | 151 (26.4 %) | 75 (39.5 %) | 76 (19.9 %) | 2.63 | 1.79, 3.86 | <0.001 |
| Police presence affected where buy drugs (yes vs. no) | 229 (40.3 %) | 91 (47.9 %) | 138 (36.1 %) | 1.61 | 1.13, 2.29 | <0.01 |
| Police presence affected where use drugs (yes vs. no) | 219 (38.3 %) | 92 (48.4 %) | 127 (33.3 %) | 1.86 | 1.31, 2.66 | <0.001 |
| Ever been in jail (yes vs. no) | 516 (90.7 %) | 176 (92.6 %) | 340 (89.7 %) | 1.44 | 0.76, 2.73 | 0.26 |
| Ever been in prison (yes vs. no) | 292 (51.3 %) | 115 (60.5 %) | 177 (46.7 %) | 1.75 | 1.23, 2.49 | 0.002 |
| Number of people know who inject (mean, sd) | 28.0 (37.1) | 31.3 (37.7) | 26.4 (36.7) | 1.003 | 1.00, 1.01 | 0.14 |
| Number of people know who inject who are friends (mean, sd) | 5.2 (10.6) | 6.7 (12.4) | 4.5 (9.6) | 1.02 | 1.00, 1.04 | 0.03 |
| Obtained syringes most often from safe vs. unsafe source, last 6 months | 354 (62.7 %) | 108 (57.1 %) | 246 (65.4 %) | 1.42 | 0.99, 2.03 | 0.05 |
| Injected most often in public vs. private place, last 6 months | 166 (29.4 %) | 73 (38.8 %) | 93 (24.7 %) | 1.93 | 1.33, 2.81 | 0.001 |
| Used syringe exchange, last 6 months (yes vs. no) | 238 (41.3 %) | 81 (42.0 %) | 157 (41.0 %) | 1.04 | 0.73, 1.48 | 0.82 |
| Shared syringes, last 6 months (yes vs. no) | 289 (59.3 %) | 128 (74.9 %) | 161 (50.9 %) | 2.88 | 1.92, 4.35 | <0.001 |
| Shared any injection paraphernalia, last 6 months (yes vs. no) | 394 (72.0 %) | 165 (89.2 %) | 229 (63.3 %) | 4.83 | 2.90, 8.04 | <0.001 |
| Ever bought drugs in Mexico (yes vs. no) | 267 (47.7 %) | 106 (56.7 %) | 161 (43.2 %) | 1.72 | 1.21, 2.46 | <0.01 |
| Ever used drugs in Mexico (yes vs. no) | 215 (38.5 %) | 83 (44.4 %) | 132 (35.5 %) | 1.45 | 1.01, 2.08 | 0.04 |
| Ever injected drugs in Mexico (yes vs. no) | 203 (36.4 %) | 86 (46.2 %) | 117 (31.5 %) | 1.87 | 1.31, 2.69 | <0.001 |
| Health care utilization and health status | ||||||
| Any ER visit, last 6 months (yes vs. no) | 195 (34.0 %) | 86 (44.8 %) | 109 (28.6 %) | 2.03 | 1.41, 2.90 | <0.001 |
| Any hospitalization, last 6 months (yes vs. no) | 98 (17.1 %) | 45 (23.4 %) | 53 (13.9 %) | 1.90 | 1.22, 2.95 | <0.01 |
| Ever had an abscess (yes vs. no) | 394 (68.9 %) | 141 (73.4 %) | 253 (66.6 %) | 1.39 | 0.94, 2.04 | 0.10 |
| HIV positive (seroconfirmed; n = 553) | 52 (9.4 %) | 18 (9.7 %) | 34 (9.2 %) | 1.06 | 0.58, 1.93 | 0.85 |
| HCV positive (seroconfirmed; n = 552) | 364 (65.9 %) | 132 (71.4 %) | 232 (63.2 %) | 1.45 | 0.99, 2.13 | 0.05 |
| Likelihood of getting infected with HIV (more vs. same or less likely; n = 529) | 146 (27.6 %) | 57 (32.4 %) | 89 (25.2 %) | 1.42 | 0.96, 2.11 | 0.08 |
| Ever smoke cigarettes (yes vs. no; n = 522) | 488 (93.5 %) | 163 (92.1 %) | 325 (94.2 %) | 0.72 | 0.35, 1.45 | 0.36 |