Figure 4. Effects of dietary ingestion of dsNAT1 (dsNAT1-1 and dsNAT1-2) by the second-instar L. decemlineata larvae on the expression of the target mRNA (A), foliage consumption (B), larval weight (C) and pupation rate (D).

For relative transcript determination, 3 independent pools of 5–30 individuals are measured in technical triplicate using qRT-PCR. The bars represent 2^−ΔΔCt values (±SE), normalized to the geometrical mean of housekeeping gene expression. For larval weight, larval duration and pupation rate, the bars mean averages (±SE). Different letters indicate significant difference at P value < 0.05.