Fig. 1.

Representative growth curves of E. coli K12 MG1655 for the investigated conditions. a Chemical stress experiments were performed by addition of compound in exponential phase, followed by cell harvest after approximately one hour of growth. The stress samples were compared to a control where no compound was added and harvest performed at same OD₆₀₀. b During high cell density fed batch fermentation cells were harvested at different time points along the growth curve. Measurement time points are indicated (blue circles), as well as sample time points (red circles) in exponential batch (point 1), glucose-limited exponential fed-batch (points 2–5), transition (points 6–7) and stationary (points 8–9) phases