Table 2. Prevalence of Pregnancy Outcomes, by Diabetes Status, in Linked Parity 1 and 2 Delivery Pairs, Massachusetts, 1998–2007^a .

Statistic	Total	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
		Diabetes Status in Parity 1 and 2 Deliveries
		No DM/ No DM	No DM/ GDM	No DM/ CDM	GDM/ No DM	GDM/ GDM	GDM/ CDM	CDM/ No DM or GDM	CDM/ CDM
LGA (≥90th percentile)
n	131,438	122,800	3,202	434	1,892	1,911	204	426	569
Parity 1	8.9	8.5	15.1b	13.8b	9.8	13.8b , d	17.7b , d	12.2	23.6b
Parity 2	12.8	12.3c	16.3b	14.5	18.2b , c	22.4b , c , d	28.9b , d	18.8b	38.7b , c
Macrosomia (>4,000 g)
n	133,376	124,542	3,292	454	1,923	1,935	207	433	590
Parity 1	9.9	9.7	14.9b	14.1b	10.5	12.8b	14.0	12.0	19.0b
Parity 2	12.6	12.3c	14.1	12.8	17.2b , c	19.4b , c	24.6b , d	17.1	30.2b , c
Cesarean delivery
n	133,435	124,596	3,294	454	1,922	1,938	207	434	590
Parity 1	25.4	24.7	31.3b	38.3b	35.7b	39.2b	42.0b	34.1b	56.8b
Parity 2	28.0	27.0c	38.3b	44.7b	37.9b	45.2b , d	55.6b , d	40.1b	65.4b
Preterm birth (<37 wks)
n	133,445	124,604	3,294	454	1,924	1,938	207	434	590
Parity 1	8.0	7.7	12.9b	14.5b	10.3b	10.6b	18.4b , d	12.0b	21.0b
Parity 2	7.1	6.9c	9.2b , c	13.4b	7.1c	9.1b	9.2c	11.1b	18.0b

Abbreviations: CDM, chronic diabetes mellitus; DM, diabetes mellitus; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; LGA, large for gestational age.

^a Sample sizes (ie, n) are counts of sequential pairs of births. Standardization did not change estimates based on logistic models adjusted for the following covariates: mother’s age, race, insurance status, and time between deliveries; therefore, unstandardized estimates are presented.

^b P < .05 compared with No DM/No DM (adjusted for multiple comparisons).

^c P < .05 compared with parity 1 within the same column (adjusted for multiple comparisons).

^d P < .05 compared with GDM/No DM (adjusted for multiple comparisons).