Table 2.

Correlations Between Measures for the Control Group (Above the Diagonal) and the At-Risk Group (Below the Diagonal)

Variable	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21
1. Age at Time 1	—	.25	.19	.19	−.03	−.07	.17	.08	.32	.21	.21	.32	.04	.02	.01	−.06	.11	−.07	−.08	−.05	.14
2. Articulation at Time 1	.22	—	.25	−.08	−.06	−.04	.10	.06	.02	.07	.17	.12	.13	.06	−.03	−.11	.02	−.09	−.07	−.06	.05
3. Basic concepts at Time 1	.27	.24	—	.34	.48	.22	.24	.35	.32	.32	.38	.22	.40	.24	.27	−.04	.19	.13	.26	.27	.37
4. Vocabulary at Time 1	.28	.27	.61	—	.28	.05	.24	.27	.10	.08	.22	.07	.19	.14	.07	−.08	.01	−.03	.09	−.08	.44
5. Sentence structure at Time 1	.21	.25	.63	.55	—	.21	.04	.26	.18	.16	.04	.15	.09	.27	.15	.10	.09	.07	.11	.13	.37
6. Word repetition at Time 1	.24	.72	.41	.41	.34	—	.30	.32	.04	.14	.07	.13	.21	.28	.12	−.08	.06	.03	.07	.09	−.02
7. Nonword repetition at Time 1	.28	.58	.34	.38	.32	.72	—	.42	.06	.14	.32	.15	.24	.16	.08	−.16	.04	−.15	.05	−.04	.14
8. Sentence repetition at Time 1	.32	.35	.57	.55	.56	.51	.54	—	.08	.15	.36	.16	.05	.03	.17	.02	.23	.02	.10	.04	.24
9. Letter-sound knowledge at Time 2	.42	.26	.32	.26	.30	.27	.20	.38	—	.69	.49	.58	.31	.30	.55	.43	.48	.42	.46	.41	.21
10. Writing letters at Time 2	.40	.30	.35	.27	.32	.32	.29	.43	.83	—	.49	.61	.34	.36	.57	.33	.53	.38	.42	.43	.16
11. Phoneme isolation: beginnings at Time 2	.17	.19	.38	.32	.39	.35	.29	.42	.51	.48	—	.56	.26	.22	.33	.09	.41	.15	.23	.11	.09
12. Phoneme isolation: endings at Time 2	.15	.16	.31	.20	.38	.17	.19	.45	.52	.52	.62	—	.24	.31	.47	.51	.44	.27	.33	.20	.05
13. RAN objects rate at Time 2	.13	.12	.42	.20	.29	.08	.05	.29	.37	.35	.34	.35	—	.70	.26	.15	.31	.19	.28	.22	.21
14. RAN colors rate at Time 2	.12	.15	.17	.00	.14	.16	.04	.19	.34	.29	.28	.26	.60	—	.30	.19	.32	.20	.23	.23	.09
15. Early word reading at Time 3	.28	.23	.41	.36	.34	.33	.38	.40	.61	.61	.52	.53	.41	.35	—	.58	.70	.73	.78	.66	.21
16. Single-word reading at Time 3	.27	.25	.38	.30	.35	.27	.33	.39	.55	.56	.43	.52	.34	.28	.90	—	.55	.39	.44	.46	−.03
17. Spelling at Time 3	.25	.30	.47	.35	.38	.35	.34	.39	.51	.56	.41	.41	.39	.31	.79	.77	—	.62	.64	.58	.11
18. Early word reading at Time 4	.14	.15	.29	.22	.16	.20	.27	.30	.48	.50	.41	.42	.30	.27	.77	.63	.67	—	.78	.55	.21
19. Single-word reading at Time 4	.19	.19	.35	.26	.26	.24	.35	.39	.50	.54	.46	.49	.35	.29	.87	.85	.74	.84	—	.72	.33
20. Spelling at Time 4	.15	.18	.30	.14	.23	.19	.29	.33	.54	.60	.41	.49	.32	.30	.81	.77	.75	.78	.86	—	.10
21. Reading comprehension at Time 5	.14	.17	.37	.45	.31	.26	.21	.38	.32	.27	.43	.30	.22	.10	.42	.38	.41	.47	.45	.34	—

Note: RAN = rapid automatized naming.