Table 3.

Response patterns to low-dose dobutamine SE in patients with LF–LG AS with low EF

SV Δ↑	Gradient	AVA	Conclusion	AVR as a primary indication
>20%	↔	↑>1 cm2	CR, pseudo-severe AS	No
>20%	↑	↔	CR, true severe AS	Yes
<20%	↔	↔	No CR, ?AS	No/?

SV, stroke volume; ↑, increase; ↔, no change.