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. 2015 Sep 7;213(1):156–164. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiv448

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Measurement of the κ to λ light chain (κ/λ) ratio against tetanus toxoid, p24, and gp120 antigens from plasma. Plasma from each subject was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) against the 3 antigens to calculate the κ/λ ratio of reactivity against each antigen for subjects with reactive plasma (see “Materials and Methods” section). In all populations tested, there was a λ bias in the reactivity of plasma to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Env, compared with p24 and tetanus toxoid. A, Data are for 27 US subjects with chronic HIV infection. B, Data are for 30 HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) 094 and 205 vaccinees. C and D, Data are for 14 Nigerian patients during acute HIV infection (C) and chronic HIV infection (D). Plotted data are limited to patients with positive ELISA samples, and Nigerian patients were only tested for tetanus toxoid at 1 time point (although graphed for both the acute and chronic phases of infection). Assays were run in duplicate. The dotted line represents a κ/λ ratio of 1.9 (mean value of plasma κ/λ ratio described in humans). For data with a normal distribution, the Student t test was performed; otherwise, the Mann–Whitney U test was used.