Table 1.

Endomicroscopic Classification of Gastric Lesions [16,17]

	Gland architecture	Cell morphology	Vessel architecture
Normal architecture	Regularly ranged glands, with round (fundic glands) or continuous short rod-like (pyloric glands) pits	Homogeneous epithelial cells with normal polarity	Honeycomb-like (gastric body) or coil-shaped (gastric antrum)
Non-neoplastic lesion (not IM, not IN)	Good polarity with elongated pits	Good cell polarity: regularly ranged epithelial cells, uniform in size and shape	Honeycomb-like or coilshaped, no or mild increase in the capillaries number
	Homogeneous in size and epithelial heights
IM	Villous appearance	Large black ‘goblet cells’; slender tall, and bright ‘absorptive’ cells	Normal calibre, honey-comb like or coil-shaped
IN	Impaired gland polarity: crowded glands with variable degrees of intraluminal folding, glandular budding and branching	Abnormal cell polarity: mild to severe irregularity of cellular arrangement	Dilated and distorted appearance
	Irregular in size and epithelial heights	Hyperdense epithelial cells with increased stratification
Cancer	Loss of gland polarity: disorganised or destroyed	Loss of cell polarity: irregular and variable in size, disordered appearance	Increased calibre and irregular in size and shape

IM, intestinal metaplasia; IN, intraepithelial neoplasia.