Study	Reason for exclusion
Alisjahbana 1995	Not randomised. This study was a 15‐month longitudinal, observational study of 2 treatment areas. Women in the intervention area received integrated a maternity services, and women in the control area women received standard care.
Baqui 2009	Intervention does not target ANC. This study compares neonatal assessment by community health workers with assessment carried out by physicians.
Bhutta 2008	This study was a pilot study for the cluster‐randomised trial reported in Bhutta 2011. This study was not randomised.
Colbourn 2013	This study examined the effects of community mobilisation and quality improvement on maternal, neonatal and perinatal mortality. The objective of the trial was not improved ANC coverage. Percentage of women attending women's groups was a secondary outcome.
Dance 1987	This trial investigated whether additional care for women who had 1 previous low birthweight baby would effect birthweight and other pregnancy outcomes. An increase of ANC coverage was not an objective of the trial.
Doyle 2014	The intervention in this trial involved prenatal education and support, with the objective of improved perinatal outcomes among disadvantaged women. An increase in ANC coverage was not an aim of this trial.
Ellard 2012	Protocol. This trial will investigate whether increased training of healthcare workers of has an impact on perinatal and maternal mortality rates. Availability of resources, resource use, and a process evaluation are also planned. Improved coverage of ANC is not an objective of the trial.
Foord 1995	This report describes an observational study to evaluate improved ANC and is not a randomised trial.
Ford 2001	This is a trial of an intervention to improve the self‐efficacy of teenage mothers. The intervention does not have the goal of increased ANC coverage.
Gokcay 1993	This trial looked at the possible differences between care delivered by midwives versus lady home visitors. Increased antenatal coverage was not an objective of the trial.
Homer 2001	The intention of this trial was to compare community based and standard ANC in order to improve clinical outcomes, especially rate of caesarean birth. Improved ANC coverage was not the objective of the trial.
Ickovics 2007	This trial investigated group versus standard ANC in young pregnant women (aged 18‐25) with a view to improved pregnancy outcomes, psychosocial function, costs and patient satisfaction. Improved coverage of ANC was not an objective of the trial.
Jennings 2010	This trial investigated group versus standard ANC in young pregnant women (aged 18‐25) with a view to improved pregnancy outcomes, psychosocial function, costs and patient satisfaction. Improved coverage of ANC was not an objective of the trial.
Kafatos 1989	This study examined the effects of a nutrition education program for pregnant women. Improved ANC coverage was not part of the objective of the trial.
Koniak‐Griffin 1991	The purpose of this intervention was to improve the maternal skills of adolescent mothers. An improved coverage of ANC was not an objective of the trial.
Koniak‐Griffin 2000	This trial compared an augmented and a standard form of prenatal and follow‐up care for at‐risk pregnant women. Increased coverage of ANC was not an objective of the trial.
Kusulasai 1993	This is a quasi‐randomised trial (alternate allocation by odd or even hospital number) with no allocation concealment. The study compares a reduced‐visits regimen of ANC with standard care. An increase in ANC coverage was not an objective of the trial.
Leung 2012	The intervention for this trial involved group psychotherapy with the aim of reducing depression and stress in new mothers. Increased ANC coverage was not an objective of the trial.
Magriples 2008	This study is not a randomised trial but an analysis of patterns of prenatal care utilization for women enrolled in a randomised trial. Data were retrieved from computerised databases and patterns of care were evaluated using the Kotelchuck index. Predictors of visits were explored, and structured interviews with participants were conducted.
Miller 2012	This cluster‐randomised trial examined the effects of training for traditional birth attendants in the Dera Ghazi Khan District of Punjab, Pakistan. The objective of the trial was improved birth attendant performance and reduced perinatal mortality.
Munjanja 1996	This trial looked at a program of reduced ANC visits and considered the impact of this change on maternal and infant outcomes. An increase in ANC coverage was not an objective of the trial.
Olds 1986	The intervention in this trial of home visitation had the objective of reducing and preventing child abuse and neglect. Outcomes included number of substantiated reports of child abuse from state records and level of domestic violence in the home as measured in the Conflict Tactics Scale. Increased ANC was not an objective of the trial.
Olds 1995a	This trial investigated the effects of prenatal and postnatal home visits on the maternal life course and on children's longer‐term functioning. Increased ANC coverage was not an objective of this trial.
Rodriguez‐Angulo 2012	This trial examined the impact of an intervention to educate women about serious pregnancy complications. Increased ANC coverage was not an objective of the trial.
Schellenberg 2011	This trial examined the impact of a community‐based intervention to improve the care of newborn infants. Increased ANC coverage was not an objective of the trial.
Srinivasan 1995	This trial compared an augmented and a standard form of prenatal and follow‐up care for at‐risk pregnant women. Increased coverage of ANC was not an objective of the trial.
Tomlinson 2014	The intervention in this trial involved 2 prenatal and 5 postnatal visits with the aim of improving neonatal outcomes, including breastfeeding at 12 weeks and decreasing transmission of HIV. Increased coverage of ANC was not an objective of the trial. Data for coverage of antenatal HIV testing were collected.
Tough 2006	This trial compared augmented prenatal care with standard care in the Canadian health system, where there is universal coverage. Increased ANC coverage was not an objective of this trial.
Tough 2007	This trial compares group with individual prenatal care. Increased coverage of ANC is not an objective of the trial.
Turan 2001	Three studies are described in this report. One is a randomised trial of antenatal education sessions for couples, women‐only or control. Increased ANC coverage was not an objective of the trial.

ANC: antenatal care
 RCT: randomised controlled trial