Table 2.
Maternal complications
| Complication | Non-diabetes | T1DM | T2DM | GDM | GDM (progressing) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n, % | n = 773 751 | n = 1125 | n = 10 136 | n = 52 848 | n = 1932 |
| RR [95% CI] | |||||
| Pregnancies that did not end in miscarriages (excluding unknown), n | 586 875 | 783 | 6665 | 49 254 | 1618 |
| Any complication | 265 460 (45.2%) | 495 (63.2%) | 4644 (69.7%) | 27 240 (55.3%) | 1097 (67.8%) |
| 1.40 [1.32;1.47] | 1.54 [1.52;1.57] | 1.22 [1.21;1.23] | 1.50 [1.45;1.55] | ||
| Anaemia | 45 777 (7.8%) | 59 (7.5%) | 871 (13.1%) | 4810 (9.8%) | 239 (14.8%) |
| 0.97 [0.76;1.23] | 1.68 [1.57;1.78] | 1.25 [1.22;1.29] | 1.89 [1.68;2.13] | ||
| Cardiac | 2999 (0.5%) | 5 (0.6%) | 79 (1.2%) | 438 (0.9%) | 23 (1.4%) |
| 1.25 [0.52;3.00] | 2.32 [1.86;2.90] | 1.74 [1.57;1.92] | 2.78 [1.85;4.18] | ||
| Depression | 26 532 (4.5%) | 41 (5.2%) | 555 (8.3%) | 2599 (5.3%) | 94 (5.8%) |
| 1.16 [0.86;1.56] | 1.84 [1.70;2.00] | 1.17 [1.12;1.21] | 1.29 [1.06;1.56] | ||
| Hypertension | 165 350 (28.2%) | 371 (47.4%) | 3693 (55.4%) | 18 887 (38.3%) | 810 (50.1%) |
| 1.68 [1.56;1.81] | 1.97 [1.92;2.01] | 1.36 [1.34;1.38] | 1.78 [1.69;1.87] | ||
| Infection | 32 698 (5.6%) | 48 (6.1%) | 512 (7.7%) | 3136 (6.4%) | 131 (8.1%) |
| 1.10 [0.84;1.45] | 1.38 [1.27;1.50] | 1.14 [1.10;1.18] | 1.45 [1.23;1.71] | ||
| Migraine | 5070 (0.9%) | 11 (1.4%) | 81 (1.2%) | 490 (1.0%) | 19 (1.2%) |
| 1.63 [0.90;2.93] | 1.41 [1.13;1.75] | 1.15 [1.05;1.26] | 1.36 [0.87;2.13] | ||
| Obstetrical | 63 801 (10.9%) | 139 (17.8%) | 987 (14.8%) | 6302 (12.8%) | 259 (16.0%) |
| 1.63 [1.40;1.90] | 1.36 [1.29;1.44] | 1.18 [1.15;1.21] | 1.47 [1.32;1.65] | ||
| Respiratory | 1779 (0.3%) | 6 (0.8%) | 68 (1.0%) | 188 (0.4%) | 18 (1.1%) |
| 2.53 [1.14;5.62] | 3.37 [2.64;4.28] | 1.26 [1.08;1.46] | 3.67 [2.31;5.82] |
n = total pregnancies within each diabetes category. Complication rates are reported for pregnancies that did not end in miscarriages, excluding unknown outcomes. Bolded text indicates statistical significance. T1DM, type 1 diabetes mellitus; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; GDM; gestational diabetes mellitus; RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval.