Table 2.
Crude and adjusted associations between three forms of psychological distress and short sleep duration among adults aged ≥18 years in 5 states: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2013.
| Independent variables | Short sleep duration (≤6 hours) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | Women | Men | ||||
| Crude | Adjusted | Crude | Adjusted | Crude | Adjusted | |
| PR (95% CI) | PR (95% CI) | PR (95% CI) | PR (95% CI) | PR (95% CI) | PR (95% CI) | |
| Model 1: Serious psychological distress | 1.95 (1.82, 2.10) | 1.58 (1.45, 1.72) | 2.04 (1.86, 2.24) | 1.56 (1.40, 1.74) | 1.89 (1.68, 2.11) | 1.58 (1.39, 1.79) |
| Model 2: K6 category | ||||||
| 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1-2 | 1.15 (1.07, 1.23) | 1.16 (1.08, 1.24) | 1.29 (1.17, 1.42) | 1.31 (1.18, 1.44) | 1.06 (0.96, 1.17) | 1.06 (0.96, 1.17) |
| 3–5 | 1.41 (1.31, 1.51) | 1.38 (1.28, 1.48) | 1.55 (1.40, 1.71) | 1.53 (1.38, 1.68) | 1.33 (1.20, 1.47) | 1.28 (1.16, 1.42) |
| 6–10 | 1.78 (1.66, 1.92) | 1.67 (1.54, 1.80) | 2.04 (1.84, 2.25) | 1.86 (1.68, 2.07) | 1.63 (1.46, 1.82) | 1.53 (1.37, 1.70) |
| 11+ | 2.40 (2.22, 2.59) | 2.11 (1.94, 2.30) | 2.69 (2.42, 2.99) | 2.25 (2.00, 2.54) | 2.26 (2.02, 2.53) | 2.02 (1.79, 2.28) |
| Model 3: Scale measure of psychological distress | 1.09 (1.08, 1.11) | 1.08 (1.07, 1.10) | 1.11 (1.09, 1.13) | 1.10 (1.08, 1.11) | 1.08 (1.06, 1.10) | 1.07 (1.05, 1.09) |
| Scale measure of psychological distress2 | 0.998 (0.997, 0.999) | 0.998 (0.997, 0.999) | 0.997 (0.997, 0.998) | 0.997 (0.997, 0.998) | 0.998 (0.998, 0.999) | 0.999 (0.998, 1.000) |
Note. CI = confidence interval; PR = prevalence ratio.
Model 1 examined psychological distress dichotomized (serious/no serious psychological distress), Model 2 examined psychological distress categorized, and Model 3 examined the scale measure of psychological distress (0–24) and included a quadratic term for the scale measure of psychological distress. Age, gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, educational attainment, annual household income, employment, and health insurance coverage are included in all adjusted models. Gender is excluded from the stratified models.