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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Dec 13.
Published in final edited form as: IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng. 2003 Dec;11(4):377–385. doi: 10.1109/TNSRE.2003.819790

TABLE I.

Joint Angle Excursions as a Function of Reach Direction and Foot Placement. The Angles Listed Are the Variables That Showed Consistent Dependence on Foot Placement Across the Group of Subjects. Results Were Averaged Over Five Subjects and Three Repetitions. Standard Errors Are Also Displayed. Inequality Signs Represent Group-Averaged Statistical Differences Between Foot Placements for p < 0.05. The Number of Subjects That Showed Individual Significance Appears Within Parentheses. (Abbreviations: S—Side-by-Side; W—Wide; And T—Modified Tandem)

Joint
Angle
Reach
Direction
Side-by-
Side (S)
Wide
(W)
Modified
Tandem (T)
Statistical
Significance
Right Hip Right 4.1° ± 1.1° 1.8° ± 1.0° 1.3° ± 1.0°
Abduction Center 6.7° ± 1.0° 7.2° ± 1.0° 5.3° ± 1.0°
Left 5.9° ± 1.0° 9.0° ± 1.0° 11.8° ± 1.0° T > S (4/5)

Right Ankle Right 1.1° ± 0.7° 2.0° ± 0.6° -1.1° ± 0.6°
Plantarflexion Center 1.6° ± 0.6° 2.3° ± 0.6° -2.4° ± 0.6° S > T (5/5), W > T (5/5)
Left -1.5° ± 0.6° -0.2° ± 0.6° -2.1° ± 0.6°

Left Ankle Right -0.8° ± 0.5° -1.3° ± 0.5° -2.5° ± 0.5°
Eversion Center 1.1° ± 0.5° 1.0° + 0.5° -1.4° ± 0.5°
Left 3.5° ± 0.5° 3.8° ± 0.5° 1.5° ± 0.5° W > T (4/5)