Table 4.
Summary of the linear regression with clustering by SOA on SF-8 MCS by NIMDM strata
| Stratified sample | Total | NIMDM 1 | NIMDM 2 | NIMDM 3 | NIMDM 4 | NIMDM 5 | Interaction | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent variable | Ba (95 % CI) | pb | Ba (95 % CI) | pb | Ba (95 % CI) | pb | Ba (95 % CI) | pb | Ba (95 % CI) | pb | Ba (95 % CI) | pb | p value (Indep var * NIMDM) |
| Constant | 21.72 (15.28, 28.16) | *** | 14.92 (−3.35, 33.19) | 12.05 (−4.24, 28.35) | 35.15 (8.40, 61.89) | * | 16.18 (−0.32, 32.67) | 31.67 (26.21, 48.08) | *** | ||||
| Socio-demographic | |||||||||||||
| Gender | −0.79 (−2.00, 0.43) | −0.27 (−4.02, 3.48) | −0.85 (−3.83, 2.14) | −2.48 (−9.69, 4.74) | −1.94 (−5.52, 1.63) | −1.12 (−2.75, 0.43) | |||||||
| Age | 0.11 (0.08, 0.15) | *** | 0.11 (0.04, 0.19) | ** | 0.13 (0.03, 0.22) | * | 0.12 (0.04, 0.19) | * | 0.08 (0.02, 0.15) | * | 0.14 (0.06, 0.16) | *** | |
| Married/Cohabiting | 1.208 (0.09, 2.07) | * | −1.07 (−4.04, 1.90) | 1.63 (−0.88, 4.14) | −2.38 (−9.60, 4.83) | 2.47 (−0.01, 4.95) | 1.27 (−1.09, 2.27) | ||||||
| Accommodation-Own | −0.28 (−1.59, 1.02) | −0.66 (−3.37, 2.05) | −0.25 (−3.16, 2.65) | 0.62 (−2.36, 3.60) | 0.59 (−0.99, 2.17) | −1.08 (−2.94, 2.87) | |||||||
| Education to Degree Level | −0.28 (−1.54, 0.97) | 4.12 (0.93, 7.31) | * | 2.07 (−4.56, 0.41) | −2.74 (−5.04, −0.43) | * | 1.60 (−1.35, 4.54) | −1.45 (−2.59, 0.60) | ** | ||||
| Unemployed | −2.38 (−5.79, 1.04) | −3.10 (−11.38, 5.12) | −2.20 (−8.74, 4.34) | 7.44 (−4.91, 19.79) | 2.11 (−6.68, 10.90) | −6.22 (−9.29, 1.81) | |||||||
| Bicycle access | 0.46 (−0.81, 1.73) | 1.78 (−3.14, 6.71) | 0.25 (−4.22, 4.71) | −0.60 (−5.14, 3.95) | 1.96 (−0.56, 4.49) | −0.27 (−0.02, 0.02) | |||||||
| No. Vehicles | 0.72 (−0.06, 1.49) | 0.77 (−1.9,3.15) | −0.21 (−2.32, 1.91) | 0.12 (−3.51, 3.76) | 0.82 (−0.25, 1.90) | 0.88 (−0.32, 2.01) | |||||||
| Income | 0.08 (−0.27, 0.43) | −0.12 (−1.62, 1.38) | 0.94 (0.32, 1.56) | ** | 0.85 (−0.53, 2.24) | −0.31 (−1.06, 0.45) | 0.14 (−0.47, 0.75) | ** | |||||
| Self-Rated Health | |||||||||||||
| EQ-VAS | 0.16 (0.12, 0.21) | *** | 0.25 (0.11, 0.38) | ** | 0.22 (0.15, 0.29) | *** | 0.12 (−0.08, 0.32) | 0.14 (0.06, 0.21) | ** | 0.10 (0.04, 0.15) | * | *** | |
| EQ-5D-3 L | 13.09 (10.04, 16.14) | *** | 13.39 (7.77, 19.02) | *** | 8.27 (−0.47, 17.01) | 7.74 (−3.57, 19.04) | 14.56 (9.29, 19.83) | *** | 13.27 (8.44, 16.88) | *** | |||
| Health Related Behaviours | |||||||||||||
| Never smoked | −0.44 (−1.51, 0.63) | −0.38 (−4.66, 3.91) | −1.33 (−3.42, 0.75) | −2.76 (−9.02, 3.50) | 1.33 (−1.07, 3.74) | −0.75 (−1.78, 1.51) | |||||||
| Alcohol | 0.03 (−0.26, 0.33) | −0.06 (−1.08, 0.96) | 0.71 (−0.07, 1.49) | −0.52 (−2.32, 1.29) | −0.30 (−0.81, 0.22) | −0.02 (−0.39, 0.44) | |||||||
| Social Capital | |||||||||||||
| Local Area Satisfaction | −0.75 (−1.48, −0.02) | * | −0.68 (−2.64, 1.28) | 0.10 (−1.21, 1.40) | −2.62 (−6.78, 1.53) | −0.66 (−1.78, 0.46) | −1.40 (−2.79, −0.09) | ||||||
| Local Area Problems | −0.05 (−0.17, 0.07) | −0.14 (−0.41, 0.12) | 0.13 (−0.06, 0.32) | −0.01 (−0.57, 0.54) | 0.10 (−0.31, 0.51) | −0.12 (−0.42, 0.08) | |||||||
| ‘Social connections’ | −0.08 (−0.31, 0.16) | 0.28 (−0.14, 0.70) | −0.22 (−0.67, 0.24) | 0.40 (−1.20, 1.99) | 0.01 (−0.49, 0.50) | −0.34 (−0.69, −0.01) | |||||||
| Trust | −0.07 (−0.77, 0.63) | 0.34 (−2.05, 2.72) | −0.64 (−1.86, 0.58) | −1.36 (−5.65, 2.94) | 1.28 (0.03, 2.53) | * | −0.62 (−1.57, 0.38) | ||||||
| Civic Participation | 0.53 (−0.64, 1.70) | 0.00 (−4.13, 4.13) | −0.53 (−3.68, 2.61) | −1.43 (−5.16, 2.30) | 0.41 (−2.05, 2.88) | 1.45 (−0.78, 2.41) | |||||||
| Social Participation | 0.15 (−0.76, 1.06) | −0.57 (−3.64, 2.50) | 1.14 (−1.17, 3.45) | −2.79 (−6.57, 0.99) | 0.17 (−2.64, 2.99) | 0.58 (−0.92, 2.25) | |||||||
PARC: Physical Activity and the Rejuvenation of Connswater
EQ-VAS: Visual Analogue Scale of self-rated health; EQ-5D-3 L: 5 dimension with 3 levels of response [25, 26]
NIMDM: Northern Ireland Multiple Deprivation Measure [31]
a Regression coefficients, b Significance level: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001
Coding of dependent variables
SF8- MCS: continuous variable with increase in score implying better mental health
Coding of independent variables
Gender: 1 = male, 2 = female
Age: in years
Married/Cohabiting: 0 = false, 1 = true
Accommodation own: 1 = owner occupied, 2 = other/rent
Education to Degree Level: 0 = false, 1 = true
Unemployed: 0 = false, 1 = true
Bicycle access: 0 false, 1 = true
No. Vehicles: numeric
Income: 9 categories of increasing amount
EQ-VAS: 0 to 100 (higher values imply better health)
EQ-5D-3 L: continuous variable (higher values imply better health)
Never Smoked: 0 = false, 1 = true
Alcohol: ranked categories of frequency from 1 = almost every day to 8 = not at all in the last 12 months
Local Area Satisfaction: scale from 1 = very satisfied to 5 = very dissatisfied
Local Area Problems: summative of 8 Llikert items to a Likert scale 5 – 40 (higher values better)
‘Social connections’: summative of 4 Likert items to a Likert scale of 4 – 20 (lower values better)
Trust: 4 point ordinal scale, 1 = very likely to 4 = not at all likely
Civic Participation: 0 = no, 1 = yes
Social Participation: 0 = no, 1 = yes
Health Related Behaviours