Table 5.
Summary of the linear regression with clustering by SOA on WEMWBS by NIMDM strata
| Stratified sample | Total | NIMDM 1 | NIMDM 2 | NIMDM 3 | NIMDM 4 | NIMDM 5 | Interaction | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent variable | Ba (95 % CI) | pb | Ba (95 % CI) | pb | Ba (95 % CI) | pb | Ba (95 % CI) | pb | Ba (95 % CI) | pb | Ba (95 % CI) | pb | p value (Indep var * NIMDM) |
| Constant | 40.08 (34.64, 45.51) | *** | 41.77 (25.68, 57.87) | *** | 35.39 (23.68, 47.10) | *** | 36.22 (14.94, 57.51) | ** | 42.89 (23.50, 62.27) | *** | 38.62 (28.26, 48.97) | *** | |
| Socio-demographic | |||||||||||||
| Gender | −0.14 (−1.13,0.85) | −0.93 (−4.55, 2.69) | −1.40 (−4.01, 1.22) | 0.56 (−4.57, 5.68) | −0.35 (−2.30, 1.61) | −0.09 (−1.84, 1.08) | |||||||
| Age | 0.05 (0.01, 0.08) | ** | 0.13 (0.03, 0.24) | * | 0.06 (−0.03, 0.16) | −0.04 (−0.17, 0.09) | 0.01 (−0.09, 0.09) | 0.05 (−0.01, 0.08) | |||||
| Married/ Cohabiting | 1.40 (0.28, 2.52) | * | 1.58 (−2.12, 5.27) | 1.49 (−0.69, 3.67) | 3.27 (−4.33, 10.86) | 3.09 (−0.82, 6.99) | 0.47 (−1.48, 1.61) | ||||||
| Accommodation-Own | −1.01 (−2.23, 0.21) | −1.05 (−3.82, 1.73) | −1.65 (−4.49, 1.20) | −1.37 (−3.79 1.06) | −1.81 (−4.36, 0.74) | 0.26 (−3.25, 2.09) | |||||||
| Education to Degree Level | 1.48 (0.45, 2.51) | ** | 3.32 (−0.93, 7.58) | 0.83 (−2.79, 4.45) | 3.13 (−1.98, 8.24) | 1.51 (0.13, 2.90) | * | 1.29 (−0.33, 2.61) | |||||
| Unemployed | −3.68 (−5.81, −1.55) | *** | −3.64 (−8.30, 1.02) | −4.90 (−8.81, −0.99) | * | −1.54 (−9.14, 6.06) | 1.35 (−6.44, 9.14) | −6.43 (−9.53, 0.66) | ** | ||||
| Bicycle access | −0.60 (−1.75, 0.55) | −1.41 (−4.27, 1.45) | −1.74 (−6.44, 2.96) | −1.03 (−7.99, 5.93) | 1.23 (−0.89, 3.35) | 0.08 (−0.02, 0.01) | ** | ||||||
| No. Vehicles | −0.03 (−0.62, 0.56) | 1.03 (−1.09, 3.15) | 0.06 (−1.69, 1.81) | −1.45 (−4.14, 1.23) | −0.76 (−1.81, 0.30) | 0.14 (−0.72, 1.42) | |||||||
| Income | −0.04 (−0.32, 0.23) | −0.24 (−1.27, 0.79) | 0.24 (−0.40, 0.87) | −0.39 (−1.39, 0.61) | −0.20 (−0.94, 0.53) | 0.05 (-0.42, 0.52) | |||||||
| Self-Rated Health | |||||||||||||
| EQ-VAS | 0.14 (0.10, 0.17) | *** | 0.18 (0.08, 0.27) | ** | 0.16 (0.09, 0.22) | *** | 0.17 (−0.08, 0.42) | 0.10 (0.02, 0.17) | * | 0.10 (0.06, 0.15) | *** | * | |
| EQ-5D-3 L | 6.19 (3.34, 9.03) | *** | 4.41 (0.23, 8.59) | * | 5.95 (−1.68, 13.58) | 7.90 (−4.25, 20.06) | 8.67 (0.04, 17.31) | * | 4.22 (−1.23, 6.53) | ||||
| Health Related Behaviours | |||||||||||||
| Never smoked | 056 (−0.64, 1.75) | 0.36 (−3.16, 3.87) | −1.86 (−4.69, 0.97) | 0.31 (−2.46, 3.08) | 1.82 (−1.00, 4.63) | 1.64 (0.09, 3.11) | |||||||
| Alcohol | 0.20 (−0.03, 0.43) | 0.07 (−0.64, 0.78) | 0.46 (−0.14,1.07) | −0.24 (−0.90, 0.42) | 0.11 (−0.45, 0.68) | 0.06 (−0.33, 0.44) | |||||||
| Social Capital | |||||||||||||
| Local Area Satisfaction | −1.06 (−1.65, −0.47) | *** | −0.73 (−2.81,1.06) | −0.78 (−2.01, 0.44) | −0.96 (−4.75, 2.84) | −1.75 (−2.95, −0.56) | ** | −1.39 (−3.06, −0.57) | * | ||||
| Local Area Problems | −0.07 (−0.22, 0.08) | −0.24 (−0.64, 0.16) | 0.13 (−0.23, 0.49) | 0.18 (−0.49, 0.86) | −0.08 (−0.58, 0.42) | 0.10 (−0.16, 0.30) | |||||||
| ‘Social connections’ | −0.37 (−0.60, −0.14) | ** | −0.42 (−1.09, 0.25) | −0.4958 (−1.02, −0.04) | −0.28 (−1.37, 0.82) | −0.10 (−0.48, 0.28) | −0.52 (−0.94, −0.32) | * | |||||
| Trust | −0.12 (−0.70, 0.45) | −0.17 (−1.32, 0.99) | 0.17 (−0.95, 1.30) | −0.11 (−3.31, 3.09) | −0.04 (−1.95, 1.87) | −0.09 (−1.15, 0.65) | |||||||
| Civic Participation | −0.53 (−1.49, 0.43) | −2.50 (−4.98, −0.03) | * | −1.59 (−4.61, 1.43) | −2.94 (−7.14, 0.26) | −1.19 (−3.51, 1.13) | 0.60 (−0.83, 2.10) | ** | |||||
| Social Participation | −0.92 (−1.85, 0.02) | −0.72 (−3.69, 2.25) | −0.88 (−3.29, 1.52) | −2.52 (−6.61, 1.56) | −2.08 (−5.12, 0.95) | −0.12 (−1.89, 1.02) | |||||||
PARC: Physical Activity and the Rejuvenation of Connswater
EQ-VAS: Visual Analogue Scale of self-rated health; EQ-5D-3 L: 5 dimension with 3 levels of response [25, 26]
NIMDM: Northern Ireland Multiple Deprivation Measure [31]
a Regression coefficients, b Significance level: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001
Coding of dependent variables
WEMWBS: 14 – 70 with increase in score implying better mental well-being
Coding of independent variables
Gender: 1 = male, 2 = female
Age: in years
Married/Cohabiting: 0 = false, 1 = true
Accommodation own: 1 = owner occupied, 2 = other/rent
Education to Degree Level: 0 = false, 1 = true
Unemployed: 0 = false, 1 = true
Bicycle access: 0 false, 1 = true
No. Vehicles: numeric
Income: 9 categories of increasing amount
EQ-VAS: 0 to 100 (higher values imply better health)
EQ-5D-3 L: continuous variable (higher values imply better health)
Never Smoked: 0 = false, 1 = true
Alcohol: ranked categories of frequency from 1 = almost every day to 8 = not at all in the last 12 months
Local Area Satisfaction: scale from 1 = very satisfied to 5 = very dissatisfied
Local Area Problems: summative of 8 Llikert items to a Likert scale 5 – 40 (higher values better)
‘Social connections’: summative of 4 Likert items to a Likert scale of 4 – 20 (lower values better)
Trust: 4 point ordinal scale, 1 = very likely to 4 = not at all likely
Civic Participation: 0 = no, 1 = yes
Social Participation: 0 = no, 1 = yes