Table 1. Effects of Different Stressors on Reinstatement of Operant Drug Seeking and Conditioned Place Preference (CPP).
|
Self-administration |
CPP |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heroin | Cocaine | METH | Nicotine | Alcohol | Morphine | Cocaine | |
| Environmental stressors | |||||||
| Intermittent Footshock | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Food deprivation | Yes | Yes | No | ||||
| Swim stress | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||
| Cue paired with shock | No | No | Yes | Yes | |||
| Social defeat | No | Yes | Yes | ||||
| Cue paired with social defeat | Yes | ||||||
| Restraint | No | Yes | Yes | ||||
| Tail pinch | Yes | ||||||
| Quinine solution | Yes | ||||||
| Pharmacological and neuropharmacological stressors | |||||||
| CRF | Yes | Yes | |||||
| Yohimbine | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Kappa agonists | Yes | Yes | |||||
| GABAA antagonists | No | No | No | ||||
| Metyrapone | Yes | ||||||
| Medial septum inactivation | Yes | ||||||
Abbreviations: CRF, corticotropin-releasing factor; METH, methamphetamine.