Table 1.
Comparison of clinical characteristics between DN groups.
| Total (n = 421) | Patients without DN (n = 218) | Patients with DN (n = 203) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 61.06 ± 10.35 | 59.59 ± 10.03 | 62.64 ± 10.48 | <0.01 |
| Gender (male/female) | 213/208 | 115/103 | 98/105 | 0.36 |
| Diabetic duration (years) | 9.67 ± 7.45 | 8.57 ± 7.52 | 10.85 ± 7.21 | <0.01 |
| Smoking habit, n (%) | 142 (33.7) | 83 (38.1) | 59 (29.1) | 0.06 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.92 ± 3.23 | 24.50 ± 2.99 | 25.37 ± 3.41 | <0.01 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 244 (58.0) | 100 (45.9) | 144 (70.9) | <0.01 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 133.03 ± 15.86 | 129.99 ± 15.49 | 136.29 ± 15.61 | <0.01 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 79.66 ± 9.10 | 77.84 ± 8.97 | 81.67 ± 8.84 | <0.01 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 8.50 ± 2.73 | 8.15 ± 2.56 | 8.88 ± 2.86 | <0.01 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.8 (7.4–10.3) | 8.7 (7.3–10.3) | 8.9 (7.5–10.1) | 0.70 |
| SCr (μmol/L) | 60.0 (48.5–72.0) | 57.0 (48.0–68.0) | 63.0 (50.0–77.0) | <0.01 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.55 (1.13–2.32) | 1.41 (1.04–2.02) | 1.81 (1.25–2.76) | <0.01 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.92 ± 1.00 | 4.85 ± 0.92 | 5.00 ± 1.08 | <0.01 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.10 ± 0.24 | 1.13 ± 0.24 | 1.07 ± 0.24 | <0.01 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.86 ± 0.80 | 2.83 ± 0.77 | 2.89 ± 0.84 | 0.46 |
| UACR (mg/g) | 29.0 (16.0–75.0) | 16.0 (11.0–23.0) | 80.0 (48.0–154.0) | <0.01 |
| eGFR (mL/min·1.73 m2) | 115.40 ± 35.86 | 125.20 ± 33.25 | 104.79 ± 35.63 | <0.01 |
| Insulin, n (%) | 133 (31.6) | 57 (26.1) | 76 (37.4) | 0.01 |
| ACEI/ARB, n (%) | 83 (19.7) | 28 (12.8) | 55 (27.1) | <0.01 |
| Statins/fibrates, n (%) | 104 (24.7) | 38 (17.4) | 66 (32.5) | <0.01 |
| DR, n (%) | 126 (29.9) | 47 (21.6) | 79 (38.9) | <0.01 |
| TSH (mIU/L) | 1.96 (1.38–2.74) | 1.87 (1.35–2.73) | 2.14 (1.40–2.74) | 0.10 |
| FT3 (pmol/L) | 3.88 ± 0.42 | 3.95 ± 0.41 | 3.81 ± 0.42 | <0.01 |
| FT4 (pmol/L) | 16.88 ± 2.34 | 16.96 ± 2.41 | 16.81 ± 2.25 | 0.52 |
Data are expressed as means ± SD, median (interquartile range), or numbers (percentages).
DN, diabetic nephropathy; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; SCr, serum creatinine; TG, triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; UACR, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; DR, diabetic retinopathy; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; FT3, free triiodothyronine; FT4, free thyroxine.