Figure 4. Chitinase phylogenetic analysis: The evolutionary history of S. littoralis (Accession # KP641331) chitinase gene (Square) was inferred by using the Maximum Likelihood method based on the Tamura-Nei model against the closely related known insect chitinases, with the chitinase of Arabis gemmifera (Accession # 22775393) used as an outlier.

The tree with the highest log likelihood (–5711.5687) is shown. The percentage of trees in which the associated taxa clustered together is shown next to the branches (bootstrap value). There were a total of 1068 positions in the final dataset. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA6.