Table 2. Stratified analysis of the association between statin use and AMD.
Subgroup | N | Pooled RR | 95% CI | P |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Heterogeneity | Meta-regression | ||||
Any AMD | 14 | 0.95 | 0.74, 1.15 | <0.001 | NA |
Early AMD | 7 | 0.83 | 0.66, 0.99 | 0.33 | |
Cohort | 5 | 0.77 | 0.56, 0.97 | 0.19 | 0.36 |
Cross-sectional | 2 | 0.98 | 0.71, 1.26 | 0.74 | |
Late AMD | 8 | 0.92 | 0.77, 1.07 | 0.63 | |
Cohort | 5 | 0.95 | 0.68, 1.22 | 0.30 | 0.29 |
Case-control | 1 | 0.90 | 0.80, 1.00 | NA | |
Cross-sectional | 2 | 0.83 | 0.15, 1.50 | 0.73 | |
GA | 4 | 1.16 | 0.77, 1.56 | 0.27 | |
CNV | 5 | 0.90 | 0.80, 0.99 | 0.86 | 0.47 |
Cohort | 4 | 0.82 | 0.41, 1.23 | 0.77 | |
Case-control | 1 | 0.90 | 0.80, 1.00 | NA | |
Study type | |||||
Cohort | 7 | 0.98 | 0.77, 1.19 | 0.04 | 0.78 |
Case-control | 5 | 0.90 | 0.55, 1.26 | <0.001 | |
Cross-sectional | 2 | 0.95 | 0.70, 1.19 | 0.62 | |
Region | |||||
America | 7 | 1.03 | 0.84, 1.23 | <0.001 | 0.67 |
Europe | 5 | 0.90 | 0.50, 1.30 | <0.001 | |
Age | |||||
≥65 years | 10 | 0.99 | 0.75, 1.23 | <0.001 | 0.56 |
<65 years | 4 | 0.75 | 0.53, 0.98 | 0.35 | |
Classification criteria | |||||
WAMGS | 11 | 0.88 | 0.74, 1.15 | <0.001 | 0.31 |
ICGS | 3 | 1.09 | 0.82, 1.37 | <0.001 |
AMD, age-related macular degeneration; CNV, choroidal neovascularization; GA, geographic atrophy; ICGS, the International Classification and Grading System; N, number of studies; NA, not applicable because only one study; CI, confidence intervals; RR, pooled relative risk; WARMGS, the Wisconsin Age-related Maculopathy Grading System.