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AFM (a) and SEM (b) images of the nano-patterned Cu substrate. Cryo-SEM images of water droplets on the patterned Cu substrate (c) and non-patterned substrate (d). The pattern direction is displayed by a white arrow (c). The aspect ratios of the droplets are a function of their diameter (e). Three representative droplets are shown in the inset. The aspect ratio of the droplets gradually increases with decreasing droplet size.
