Table 2.

Normal changes in maximal aerobic capacity and its determinants between ages 20 and 80 years

Exercise variable	Aging change
Oxygen consumption	; 50%
AV oxygen difference	; 20%
Cardiac output	; 30%
Heart rate	; 30%
LV stroke volume	No change
LV end-diastolic volume	: 30%
LV end-systolic volume	: 100%
LV ejection fraction	; 15%
LV contractility	; 60%
Systemic vascular resistance	: 30%
Plasma catecholamines	:
CV b-adrenergic responses	;

AV arteriovenous, CV cardiovascular, LV left ventricular. From reference 32