Figure 1.

pCA is incorporated into transgenic PMT-poplar and PMT-Arabidopsis lignins. 2D-HSQC-NMR spectra of WCW samples (A–D) and the cellulase-digested EL for each sample (E–H). The pCA (magenta) is only present in the PMT-expressing lines and not wild-type control samples. The amount of pBz (orange) in the poplar samples does not seem to change between the wild type and PMT-expressing poplar. Note that the total lignin is the sum of all S, G, and H units (100%); therefore, when the sum of S + G does not add up to 100%, the remaining fraction should be ascribed to H units.