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. 2015 Oct 27;169(4):2895–2906. doi: 10.1104/pp.15.01056

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

Effect of TaFROG silencing and overexpression on DON tolerance. A and B, In the VIGS experiment, gene silencing of TaFROG in wheat spikelets was quantified by qRT-PCR analysis (A) and the phenotypic response to DON (B) was assessed at 14 d post-toxin treatment. For the qRT-PCR analysis, the wheat alpha-tubulin gene was used as an internal reference to calculate the relative expression of the TaFROG gene using the equation 2-(Ct target gene – Ct housekeeping gene). VIGS constructs used were empty vector BSMV:00 or the construct BSMV:FROG that targets the TaFROG gene for silencing. Constructs were applied to the flag leaf, and the central flowering spikelets were treated with either 16.87 mm DON or Tween 20 (mock). C, The phenotypic response of TaFROG overexpressor lines (OE-1, OE-2, and OE-3) and control plants (wild type [WT]) to DON treatment (as above) at 21 d post-toxin treatment. Asterisks show significant differences between DON-treated (A and B) BSMV:00 and BSMV:FROG constructs or (C) overexpressor lines and the wild type (Mann-Whitney U test; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; and ***, P < 0.001). Error bars indicate ±sem (A and B: n = 20–36; C: n = 60).