FIGURE 8:

TORC1 signaling promotes fungicidal synergism in S. cerevisiae and C. albicans. (A) The wild-type strain of S. cerevisiae was grown to log phase in SC medium, exposed to tunicamycin beginning at 0 h, and then either calcineurin inhibitor (CsA) or calcineurin plus TORC1 inhibitors (CsA+Rap) were added 0, 2, or 4 h later (black, red, or blue lines). At the indicated times, the cultures were sampled and stained with PI, and the fraction of dead cells was determined by flow cytometry. The average (± SD) of three replicate cultures is shown. (B) Wild type, cnb1∆ mutant, cmk2∆ mutant, and cmk2∆ cnb1∆ double mutants of C. albicans were grown to log phase in SC medium; exposed to fluconazole (+Flu), rapamycin (+Rap), or both (+Flu+Rap) for 8 h; and then stained with PI and analyzed by flow cytometry for the fraction of dead cells in the population. Bars represent the averages (± SD) of three replicate cultures.