Fig. 2.

Insulin does not alter the rate of Rip11 vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane.

3T3–L1 adipocytes electroporated with plasmids encoding GFP–Rip11 or HA–GLUT4–GFP were serum starved and stimulated with or without insulin (87 nM) as indicated. (A) Cells were imaged live by TIRF microscopy at 2 frames/s using a penetration depth of 90 nm. Scale bar represents 1 μm. (B) The rate of vesicle fusion was calculated per μm² membrane area per second. The graph represents mean ± SEM (N = 3, n = 8–343 fusion events, **p < 0.01, t-test, or not significant, ns).