Table 2.
Cases of drug-induced haemolysis – intravascular haemolysis, haemoglobin, suspected diagnosis
| Drug | n | Intravascular haemolysis* | Nadir Hb (g/dl)* | Initial diagnosis* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diclofenac | 23 | y (9) | >8 (5) | AIHA (2) |
| n.d. (14) | <8 and ≥3 (7) | confusion (2) | ||
| <3 (1) | aortal aneurysm | |||
| n.d. (10) | transient ischaemic attack mesenteric infarction / paralytic ileus biliary obstruction (jaundice) acute haemolytic transfusion reaction haemolytic uremic syndrome nephrotic syndrome | |||
| Piperacillin | 13 | y (8) | >8 (3) | |
| n (1) | <8 and ≥3 (8) | |||
| n.d. (3) | <3 (1) | |||
| n.d. (1) | ||||
| Cephalosporins | ||||
| Ceftriaxon | 12 | y (9) | <8 and ≥3 (7) | AIHA (cold agglutinin disease) |
| n.d. (3) | <3 (2) | bladder bleeding (haemoglobinuria) (2) | ||
| n.d. (3) | myocardial infarction acute renal failure confusion | |||
| Cefotaxim | 2 | y (2) | 7.9 (1) n.d. (1) | |
| Platinum-based agents | ||||
| Oxaliplatin | 10 | y (2) | >8 (1) | AIHA (2) |
| n.d. (8) | <8 and ≥3 (3) | acute renal failure | ||
| n.d. (6) | urinary tract infection (haemoglobinuria, fever) | |||
| Carboplatin | 1 | y | 5.4 | |
| Rifampicin | 4 | y (2) | <8 and ≥3 (4) | AIHA (2) |
| n.d. (2) | pulmonary embolism drug-induced hepatitis acute haemolytic transfusion reaction | |||
| Radiocontrast media | ||||
| Iomeprol | 1 | y | 2.6 | allergic or toxic reaction |
| Iohexol | 1 | y | 3.3 | AIHA (cold agglutinin disease), blood loss |
| Etoricoxib | 1 | n | 8 | AIHA |
| 5-FU | 1 | y | 8.4 | AIHA |
| Ibuprofen | 1 | n.d. | n.d. | |
| Clindamycin | 1 | n | 8 | |
| Vancomycin | 1 | n | 8 | |
| Cotrimoxazol | 1 | y | 7.5 | AIHA |
| Total | 73 | |||
y = Yes; n = no; n.d. = no data; intravascular haemolysis = haemoglobinuria and/or haemoglobinaemia (LDH > 1,000 U/l), back and/or abdominal pain, and rarely shock; 5-FU = 5-fluorouracil.
*
Number in brackets