Fig. 2.
Diagrams show (a) KISS1R in the dormant state; (b) kisspeptin ligand (Kp) binding activating the G protein subunit, Gq/11α, and subsequently phospholipase C (PLC); (c) PLC activation leading to the formation of inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG); and (d) IP3 causing the release of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). PLC-independent mechanisms open the potassium (K+) channels. These events depolarise the kisspeptin neuron.(26) GTP: guanosine triphosphate; PIP2: phosphatidyl inositol bisphosphate (Adapted from Pinilla et al)