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. 2015 Dec 15;15:434. doi: 10.1186/s12906-015-0958-z

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Ashwagandha attenuated TNF-α-induced CCL2 gene expression and NF-κB activation. Confluent NRK-52E cells were treated for 24 h with water-soluble extracts of ashwagandha (Ash; 1:100). After 24 h, cells were challenged with 10 ng/ml of TNF-α for 24 h alone or in the presence of the ashwaganda extract. CCL2 and 5 gene expression was determined by qPCR (top) while NF-κB activation was assessed using a reporter cell line (bottom). Each data point represents the mean ± SD of three replicate cultures, repeated twice, * indicates a significant difference as compared to control (no botanical, no TNF-α), # indicates a significant difference from TNF-α-challenged cultures