Fig. 1.

CTRA gene expression, monocyte prevalence, and neuroendocrine parameters in individuals chronically high in PSI. (A) Differential expression of 53 CTRA indicator transcripts in five yearly longitudinal PBMC samples from individuals chronically high in PSI (n = 36) vs. those intermediate or low in PSI (n = 105). Point estimates and SE come from repeated measures mixed effect linear models (P = 0.024, as in Table 1, row A). (B) Monocyte percentages in two longitudinal whole blood samples from individuals chronically high versus intermediate or low in PSI (association with categorical chronically high PSI, P = 0.052; association with continuously varying PSI as measured by UCLA Loneliness Scale scores, P = 0.012). Boxes, 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles; whiskers, first and 99th percentiles. (C) CTRA gene expression as a function of monocyte percentage (association, P < 0.001 by repeated measures mixed linear model). (D) PSI-related differences in urinary metabolite concentrations for norepinephrine (association with categorical chronic high PSI, b = 332.1 ± SE 194.7 ng/dL, P = 0.090; association with continuous PSI, b = 23.0 ± 7.4 ng/dL, P = 0.002), epinephrine (categorical, b = 16.0 ± 12.2 ng/dL, P = 0.192; continuous, b = 0.4 ± 0.5 ng/dL, P = 0.401), and cortisol (categorical, b = 197.5 ± 83.6 ng/dL, P = 0.018; continuous, b = 5.4 ± 3.6 ng/dL, P = 0.134).