Table 1.
Summary of all covariates
| Characteristics | Mean (SD) | Percentage (%) | Number of valid cases |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 56.06 (12.75) | - | 317 |
| Body mass index (BMI) | 31.35 (6.23) | - | 352 |
| Gender | - | 352 | |
| • Male | 51.3 | ||
| • Female | 48.7 | ||
| Housing | - | 348 | |
| • House | 88.5 | ||
| • Apartment | 11.4 | ||
| Marital status | - | 348 | |
| • Married | 68.2 | ||
| • Single/divorced/widowed | 31.8 | ||
| Living status | - | 351 | |
| • Living with family or significant other | 84.7 | ||
| • Not living with family | 15.3 | ||
| Number of comorbidities | 1.39 (1.78) | - | 352 |
| Change in hemoglobin level (gm/dl) | −1.77 (1.28) | - | 331 |
| Change in hematocrit level (%) | −2.19 (5.86) | - | 335 |
| Total fluid transfusion (ml) | 2280.98 (1038.89) | - | 352 |
| Prior level of function (PLOF) | - | 352 | |
| • Dependent | 3.8 | ||
| • Partially dependent | 39.9 | ||
| • Independent | 56.3 | ||
| Inpatient back pain on numeric pain rating scale | 4.50 (1.14) | - | 322 |
| Radiculopathy continued after surgery | - | 283 | |
| • Yes | 38.1 | ||
| • No | 61.9 | ||
| Functional dependency score | 352 | ||
| • Independent | 22.0 | ||
| • Partially dependent | 48.5 | ||
| • Maximally independent | 29.5 | ||
| Sitting and standing balance combined score | 6.24 (1.83) | - | 314 |
| Gait distance (feet) | 203.38 (144.87) | - | 352 |
| Use of assistive device during inpatient ambulation | - | ||
| • Yes | 62.6 | ||
| • No | 37.5 | ||
| Length of hospital stay | 4.41 (3.55) | 352 |