Table 2.

Results from meta-analyses assessing risk of new-onset diabetes.

Reference	Types of studies included	Number of studies included	Patient population	Endpoint, intervention, control	Heterogeneity	Results	NNH/NNT	Key limitations
Rajpathak et al.24	Randomized, controlled trials	6	57,593 Mix of primary and secondary cardiovascular preventions	New-onset diabetes for patients on statins compared to placebo	Low: I2 = 1.6%	3.8% versus 3.5%, RR = 1.06 (95% CI = 0.93–1.22)	N/A	Only included placebo-controlled trials and pooled statin data; no funnel plot provided
Sattar et al.25	Randomized, controlled trials	13	91,140 Mix of primary and secondary cardiovascular preventions	New-onset diabetes for patients on statins compared to placebo or active control	Low: I2 = 11.2%	4.9% versus 4.5%, RR = 1.09 (95% CI = 1.02–1.17)	250	Excluded studies comparing two statins or doses; funnel plot not provided
Preiss et al.26	Randomized, controlled trials	5	32,752 Secondary cardiovascular prevention	New-onset diabetes for patients on intensive therapy compared to moderate therapy	Low: I2 = 0%	8.8% versus 8.0%, OR = 1.12 (95% CI = 1.04–1.22)	125	Patients could be categorized as having developed diabetes-based medications or laboratory values without a clinical diagnosis; funnel plot not provided
				Incident CVD for patients on intensive therapy compared to moderate therapy	Substantial: I2 = 74%	19.1% versus 21.7%, RR = 0.84 (95% CI = 0.75–0.94)	39
Navarese et al.27	Randomized, controlled trials	17	113,394 Mix of primary and secondary cardiovascular preventions	New-onset diabetes for patients on high-intensity statin compared to placeboNew-onset diabetes for patients on moderate-intensity statin compared to placeboNew-onset diabetes for patients on high-intensity statin compared to moderate-intensity statin	Not provided	No difference for any agentsa	N/A	Clinical trial registries not reviewed; patients could be categorized as having developed diabetes-based medications or laboratory values without a clinical diagnosis
					Not provided	No difference for any agentsa	N/A
					Not provided	No difference between any agentsa	N/A
Cai et al.28	Randomized, controlled trials	14	95,102 Mix of primary and secondary cardiovascular preventions	New-onset diabetes for patients on high-intensity statin compared to placebo or active control	Low: I2 = 0%	5.4% versus 4.6%, OR = 1.18 (95% CI = 1.10–1.28)	125	Funnel plot not provided
				New-onset diabetes for patients on moderate-intensity statin compared to placebo or active control	Moderate: I2 = 34%	5.0% versus 4.6%, OR = 1.11 (95% CI = 1.03–1.20)	250
Macedo et al.29	Observational studies	2	158,522 Mix of primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention	New-onset diabetes for patients on statins compared to patients not on statins	Substantial: I2 = 72%	OR = 1.31 (95% CI = 0.99–1.73)	N/A	Only included 2 studies that assessed new-onset diabetes; high heterogeneity; wide confidence intervals suggest imprecise results
Coleman et al.30	Randomized, controlled trials	5	39,791 Mix of primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention	New-onset diabetes for patients on statins compared to placebo	Moderate: I2 = 51.5%	RR = 1.03 (95% CI = 0.89–1.19)	N/A	Moderate heterogeneity; only included placebo-controlled studies; funnel plot not provided

NNH: number needed to harm; NNT: number needed to treat; RR: relative risk; CI: confidence interval; N/A: not available; OR: odds ratio; CVD: cardiovascular disease.

^aAssessed as individual agents, data were not pooled.