Table 1.
Subject demographics.
| Control (n = 20) | Heel lance Placebo–NNS (n = 15) | Heel lance Sweet-Ease–NNS (n = 9) | F value | p valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EGA (weeks) | 27.7 ± 2.5 | 26.3 ± 3.2 | 27.3 ± 2.9 | 1.480 | 0.238 |
| Birth weight (g) | 1021.2 ± 395 | 857.2 ± 295 | 1097.6 ± 603 | 1.146 | 0.327 |
| Apgar (1 min) | 4 ± 2 | 4 ± 3 | 5 ± 2 | 0.482 | 0.620 |
| Apgar (5 min) | 6 ± 2 | 6 ± 2 | 7 ± 2 | 0.046 | 0.955 |
| Sex | Male 11 (46%) | Male 6 (40%) | Male 5 (50%) | 0.878b | |
| Female 13 (54%) | Female 9 (60%) | Female 5 (50%) | |||
| Race | 0.560b | ||||
| Caucasian | 10 (42%) | 7 (47%) | 5 (50%) | ||
| Hispanic | 10 (42%) | 8 (53%) | 4 (40%) | ||
| African American | 4 (16%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (10%) | ||
| Condition at time of sampling | |||||
| FiO2 (%) | 0.35 ± 0.12 | 0.39 ± 0.11 | 0.37 ± 0.14 | 0.526 | 0.595 |
| EGA, weeks | 30.4 ± 2.2 | 30.4 ± 2.2 | 30.4 ± 2.8 | 0.004 | 0.996 |
| SNAPPE-II | 19.6 ± 11.8 | 26.4 ± 17.8 | 15.9 ± 16.1 | 1.710 | 0.192 |
| Mode of O2 delivery | 0.784b | ||||
| Nasal cannula | 3 (12.5%) | 3 (20%) | 3 (30%) | ||
| NCPAP | 2 (8.3%) | 3 (20%) | 0 | ||
| NIPPV | 6 (25%) | 5 (33.3%) | 3 (30%) | ||
| SIMV | 5 (20.8%) | 2 (13.3%) | 2 (20%) | ||
| HFV/HFO | 8 (33.4%) | 2 (13.3%) | 2 (20%) | ||
| Hemoglobin | 11.8 ± 2.1 | 11.6 ± 2.4 | 11.6 ± 1.4 | 0.073 | 0.930 |
| Hematocrit | 35.5 ± 5.7 | 35.2 ± 6.5 | 34.7 ± 4.2 | 0.061 | 0.941 |
EGA: estimated gestational age; SNAPPE-II: Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology, Perinatal Extension II; NNS: non-nutritive sucking; NCPAP: nasal continuous positive airway pressure; NIPPV: non-invasive intermittent positive pressure ventilation; SIMV: synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation; HFV; high-frequency ventilation; HFO: high-frequency oscillation.
a
One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
b
Chi-square.