Andrzejowski 1996.
Methods | Parallel‐group randomized trial, conducted in United Kingdom. Study dates not reported. | |
Participants | 36 women undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy. Exclusions: metal or elastoplast allergy, anticoagulant therapy, local skin disease at P6 acupoint or sham point, or chronic treatment with antiemetics. | |
Interventions | Semipermanent acupuncture needle inserted at P6 acupoint on both wrists 20 min before induction, left in place until second postoperative day (n = 18). Sham semipermanent acupuncture needle inserted in sham point 20 min before induction, left in place until second postoperative day (n = 18). |
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Outcomes | Nausea (0 ‐ 8 h), vomiting (0 ‐ 8 h), risk of antiemetic rescue drug, side effects. | |
Notes | Antiemetic rescue was prochlorperazine 12.5 mg IM when necessary. No side effects reported with interventions. No details about funding source or any declarations of interest among authors. | |
Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient information. "Patients were allocated randomly into one of two groups". |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient information. "This was achieved by concealing the assignment schedule in sealed envelopes which were opened by the investigator just before inserting the needles". Comment: not sure if envelopes were sequentially numbered and opaque. |
Blinding of patients (performance bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Assessments were made by the participants, who were blinded to their treatment. |
Blinding of healthcare providers (performance bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Insufficient information. |
Blinding of outcome assessor (detection bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Assessments were made by the participants, who were blinded to their treatment. |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | No missing data reported for 36 participants randomized. |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | All expected outcomes reported. |
Other bias | Low risk | Baseline characteristics were comparable. "There was no significant difference between the two groups in age, weight, total morphine consumed, or duration of anaesthesia". |