Ebrahim Soltani 2010.
Methods | Parallel 4‐group randomized trial, conducted in Iran. Study conducted in Iran during 2007 to 2008. | |
Participants | 200 participants aged 10 ‐ 60 years old, with ASA physical status I to II, undergoing strabismus surgery. Exclusion criteria: nausea or vomiting within 1 week of surgery, local infection near acupoint, symptomatic comorbidities, travel sickness, length of stay in the recovery room more than 2 hours or those receiving any medical therapy before surgery. | |
Interventions | Group 1: sham acupressure wristbands place inappropriately on the posterior surface of both forearms 30 min before induction of anaesthesia plus saline 1ml IV. Removed wristband 6 hours after surgery (n = 50). Group 2: sham acupressure wristbands place inappropriately on the posterior surface of both forearms 30 min before induction of anaesthesia plus metoclopramide 0.2 mg/kg IV immediately before induction. Removed wristband 6 hours after surgery (n = 50). Group 3: sham acupressure wristbands place inappropriately on the posterior surface of both forearms 30 min before induction of anaesthesia plus ondansetron 0.15 mg/kg IV immediately before induction. Removed wristband 6 hours after surgery (n = 50). Group 4: bilateral wristbands on P6 acupoint 30 min before induction of anaesthesia plus saline 1ml IV. Removed wristband 6 hours after surgery (n = 50). |
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Outcomes | Nausea (0 ‐ 2 h), Vomiting (0 ‐ 2 h) in recovery room | |
Notes | Subgroup analysis for adults and children not done as overall population was mixed in age range (10 ‐ 60 years). No incidence for postoperative nausea or vomiting (0 ‐ 24 h) reported. No details about funding source or any declarations of interest among authors. |
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Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient details. "Patients were randomised into four groups using random numbers, with 50 cases in each group." |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient details. |
Blinding of patients (performance bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Authors attempted to blind antiemetic drugs use with saline placebo and used sham acupressure wristbands on non‐acupoint. |
Blinding of healthcare providers (performance bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Wristbands were not covered with dressing. No details about whether healthcare providers were blinded or not. |
Blinding of outcome assessor (detection bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Nursing staff recording the PONV were unaware of group allocations. |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | "No patient was excluded after admission to the study." |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | All expected outcomes reported. |
Other bias | Low risk | "There was no statistically significant differences with respect to demographic data between groups in the study." |