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. 2015 Nov 2;2015(11):CD003281. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003281.pub4

Harmon 2000.

Methods Parallel‐group randomized trial, conducted in Ireland. Study dates not reported.
Participants 94 healthy women (18 ‐ 40 years) undergoing elective Caesarean section.
 Exclusion: previous history of PONV, nausea and vomiting in previous 24 hours, obesity (BMI > 35), diabetes mellitus, or previous experience of acupuncture or acupressure.
Interventions Acupressure on P6 acupoint on right wrist, applied 5 min before administration of spinal anaesthesia, removed just before assessment 6 hours after discharge to the ward (n = 47).
Sham acupressure on non‐acupoint site, applied 5 min before administration of spinal anaesthesia, removed just before assessment 6 hours after discharge to the ward (n = 47).
Outcomes Nausea (0 ‐ 24 h), vomiting (0 ‐ 24 h).
Notes Reported separate incidence of intraoperative nausea and vomiting. Rescue antiemetic was ondansetron 4 mg IV during operations, or cyclizine 50 mg IM 8‐hourly after operations. Rescue antiemetic use reported as mean dose (no data for risk of rescue cyclizine use). Side effect of acupressure bands was "some localized discomfort in a small number of women".
No details about funding source or any declarations of interest among authors.
Risk of bias
Bias Authors' judgement Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias) Unclear risk Insufficient information.
Allocation concealment (selection bias) Unclear risk Insufficient information.
Blinding of patients (performance bias) 
 All outcomes Low risk Authors took adequate steps to make interventions appear similar.
Blinding of healthcare providers (performance bias) 
 All outcomes Low risk "Bands were not visible to the assessing anaesthetist during operations, as patients' arms were covered with surgical drapes".
Blinding of outcome assessor (detection bias) 
 All outcomes Low risk "After 6 and 24h, an anaesthetist blinded to the therapy noted whether nausea, retching or vomiting had occurred".
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) 
 All outcomes Low risk Reasons for withdrawals were given. No missing data reported for 94 participants analysed.
Selective reporting (reporting bias) High risk Risk of rescue cyclizine not reported separately for nausea and vomiting outcomes.
Other bias Low risk Baseline characteristics were comparable. "The groups were comparable with respect to age, weight, height and bupivacaine dose".