Iqbal 2012.
Methods | Parallel‐group randomized trial conducted in Pakistan from November 2011 to July 2012. | |
Participants | 60 participants aged 40 ‐ 60 years, ASA I and II, undergoing laparoscopic surgery. Exclusion: those with a history of severe adverse reactions to NSAIDs, bronchial asthma, kidney or liver dysfunction, bleeding disorders or history of steroids intake within 24 h of surgery. | |
Interventions | Group 1: acupressure wristband (Seaband) at the P6 acupoint to each wrist and draped with dressing during the stay in hospital.by an elastic bandage (n = 20). Group 2: sham acupressure (Seaband) on dorsal side of both forearms and draped with dressing during the stay in hospital (n = 20). Group 3: no treatment (n = 20). |
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Outcomes | Nausea (0 ‐ 24 h), vomiting (0 ‐ 24 h), risk of rescue antiemetic drug (metoclopramide 10 mg IV). | |
Notes | No treatment data were excluded from analysis. No power calculation done. No details about funding source or any declarations of interest among authors. |
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Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient details. |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient details. |
Blinding of patients (performance bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Authors made efforts to drape dressing over active and sham wristbands. |
Blinding of healthcare providers (performance bias) All outcomes | Low risk | "The doctors and nurses giving anesthesia and the nurses on the postoperative ward, although aware that stimulation was being performed were not aware of the location of PC6". |
Blinding of outcome assessor (detection bias) All outcomes | Low risk | "The doctors and nurses giving anesthesia and the nurses on the postoperative ward, although aware that stimulation was being performed were not aware of the location of PC6". |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | No missing data were reported for the 60 participants analysed. |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | All expected outcomes reported. |
Other bias | Low risk | Demographic data appear similar between acupressure and sham groups. |