Table 4.
Results from multivariate analysis (logistic regression) comparing SAHs and MAHs
| Predictor | B | SE | Wald | P | OR | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (ref. female) | 0.201 | 0.135 | 2.209 | 0.137 | 1.223 | 0.938, 1.594 |
| Education (ref. less than 12 years) | ||||||
| Postgraduate education | 0.244 | 0.169 | 2.093 | 0.148 | 1.276 | 0.917, 1.776 |
| Undergraduate university or college degree | 0.316 | 0.147 | 4.614 | 0.032 | 1.372 | 1.028, 1.830 |
| Trade certificate, diploma or TAFE qualification | 0.018 | 0.144 | 0.015 | 0.903 | 1.018 | 0.768, 1.349 |
| 12 years or its equivalent | 0.112 | 0.147 | 0.577 | 0.448 | 1.118 | 0.838, 1.491 |
| Age (years) | 0.013 | 0.004 | 11.977 | 0.001 | 1.013 | 1.005, 1.020 |
| Proportion of Internet vs. land-based gambling (ref. only gambled online in last 12 months) | ||||||
| Mostly gambled online but some land-based gambling in last 12 months | 0.163 | 0.124 | 1.739 | 0.187 | 1.177 | 0.924, 1.501 |
| Half gambling online and half land-based gambling | −0.049 | 0.161 | 0.093 | 0.760 | 0.952 | 0.695, 1.305 |
| Mostly land-based gambling, but some online gambling | −0.870 | 0.154 | 32.066 | <0.001 | 0.419 | 0.310, 0.566 |
| Engagement in gambling forms (ref. no for each form) | ||||||
| Instant scratch tickets | −0.019 | 0.097 | 0.037 | 0.847 | 0.982 | 0.812, 1.186 |
| Lottery/lotto/pools tickets | −0.284 | 0.123 | 5.301 | 0.021 | 0.753 | 0.592, 0.959 |
| Sports betting | 0.705 | 0.123 | 32.555 | <0.001 | 2.023 | 1.588, 2.577 |
| Horse or dog race betting | 0.465 | 0.118 | 15.593 | <0.001 | 1.592 | 1.264, 2.005 |
| Bingo | 0.279 | 0.202 | 1.914 | 0.166 | 1.322 | 0.890, 1.964 |
| Keno | 0.175 | 0.107 | 2.688 | 0.101 | 1.191 | 0.966, 1.469 |
| Poker | 0.814 | 0.115 | 50.059 | <0.001 | 2.256 | 1.801, 2.827 |
| Casino table games | 0.013 | 0.103 | 0.016 | 0.900 | 1.013 | 0.828, 1.239 |
| Betting on games of skill | −0.173 | 0.167 | 1.062 | 0.303 | 0.841 | 0.606, 1.168 |
| Electronic gaming machines | −0.039 | 0.102 | 0.146 | 0.702 | 0.962 | 0.788, 1.174 |
| Amateur vs. professional status (ref. amateur) | 0.940 | 0.174 | 29.324 | <0.001 | 2.561 | 1.822, 3.599 |
| Kessler 6 score | −0.006 | 0.012 | 0.288 | 0.591 | 0.994 | 0.971, 1.017 |
| PGSI (ref. non-problem gambler) | ||||||
| Low risk gambler | 0.194 | 0.114 | 2.882 | 0.090 | 1.214 | 0.970, 1.519 |
| Moderate risk gambler | 0.635 | 0.123 | 26.690 | <0.001 | 1.887 | 1.483, 2.401 |
| Problem gambler | 0.946 | 0.181 | 27.328 | <0.001 | 2.576 | 1.807, 3.673 |
| Perceived advantages of Internet gambling over land-based gambling (ref. no for each) | ||||||
| Price including bonuses, free credit, odds and payout rates | 0.366 | 0.105 | 12.158 | <0.001 | 1.442 | 1.174, 1.770 |
| Great number of betting options and games available | 0.109 | 0.113 | 0.930 | 0.335 | 1.115 | 0.894, 1.390 |
| Use of free-play sites | −0.186 | 0.237 | 0.615 | 0.433 | 0.830 | 0.522, 1.321 |
| Lower secondary costs, e.g. petrol, food and beverages | 0.273 | 0.134 | 4.148 | 0.042 | 1.314 | 1.010, 1.710 |
| Perceived disadvantages of Internet gambling over land-based gambling (ref. no for each) | ||||||
| Unreliable technology or Internet access | 0.211 | 0.113 | 3.478 | 0.062 | 1.234 | 0.989, 1.540 |
| Difficulty verifying fairness of games | 0.322 | 0.138 | 5.449 | 0.020 | 1.380 | 1.053, 1.809 |
| More addictive | −0.018 | 0.122 | 0.023 | 0.880 | 0.982 | 0.773, 1.247 |
| Easier to spend money | −0.004 | 0.098 | 0.002 | 0.965 | 0.996 | 0.821, 1.207 |
| Reasons for choosing one operator over another (ref. no for each) | ||||||
| Advertising/marketing | −0.372 | 0.138 | 7.280 | 0.007 | 0.689 | 0.526, 0.903 |
| Price including bonuses, free credit, odds and payout rates | 0.981 | 0.102 | 92.295 | <0.001 | 2.667 | 2.183, 3.258 |
| Greater number of betting options and games available | 0.436 | 0.111 | 15.343 | <0.001 | 1.546 | 1.243, 1.923 |
| Jurisdiction where site is regulated | 0.001 | 0.165 | 0.000 | 0.997 | 1.001 | 0.725, 1.382 |
| Legally provided/licensed site | 0.034 | 0.127 | 0.070 | 0.791 | 1.034 | 0.806, 1.326 |
| Fast payout rates | 0.028 | 0.121 | 0.052 | 0.819 | 1.028 | 0.811, 1.304 |
| Customer protection: fairness of games, security of deposits and account information | 0.056 | 0.116 | 0.235 | 0.628 | 1.058 | 0.843, 1.326 |
| Responsible gambling tools and resources e.g. account information and personal limits | −0.336 | 0.205 | 2.672 | 0.102 | 0.715 | 0.478, 1.069 |
| Better game experience/interface | 0.607 | 0.148 | 16.814 | <0.001 | 1.836 | 1.373, 2.454 |
| Software used | 0.542 | 0.197 | 7.562 | 0.006 | 1.720 | 1.169, 2.532 |
Note: Bold text indicates significant predictors within the model.