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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Exp Neurol. 2015 Aug 24;274(0 0):115–125. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.08.015

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Modulation of intracellular signaling pathways by chondroitin sulfate. (left) CS chains can localize soluble ligands such growth factors to the cell surface and facilitate interactions with their cognate receptors. For example, nerve growth factor (NGF) signaling and neurite outgrowth are enhanced when CS-E is presented on the cell surface. (right) Alternatively, CS chains can directly interact with transmembrane receptors such PTPσ, LAR, NgR1 and NgR3, and affect intracellular signaling. For example, CS interacts with lysine-rich IgG domains of PTPσ and inhibits neurite outgrowth.