Table 1.

Reported parameters yielding maximum rates of recovery of STH from soils.

Organism	Soil type	Seeding level (EPGa)	Method type	Detergent	Flotation solution (SG)	Percent recovery	Estimated processing timeb	Refs.
Ascaris	Clay	4	Passive flotation	Bleach (20%)	NaNO3 (1.3)	15.3%	2 hours	[53]
	Sandy	20				24.32%
	Loamy	20				25.04%
Ascaris	NRc	1452- 32393	Centrifugal flotation	NaOH (0.5 N)	Glucose monohydrate (1.27)	82%	2 days	[54]
Ascaris	NR	10	Centrifugal flotation	Tween40 (0.5%)	NaNO3 (1.35)	47%	<1 hour	[55]
				Tween80 (1%)	NaNO3 (1.35)	66.5%	<1 hour
				None	ZnSO4 (1.2)	9.5%	3 hours
Trichuris	NR	1452- 32393	Centrifugal flotation	NaOH (0.5 N)	Glucose monohydrate (1.27)	80%	2 days	[54]
Trichuris	NR	1	Centrifugal flotation, recovery by adherence to 4 coverslips	None	MgSO4 (1.28)	96.4%	1-2 hours	[56]
Ancylostoma	NR	10	Centrifugal flotation	Tween40 (0.5%)	NaNO3 (1.35)	39.33%	<1 hour	[55]
				Tween80 (1%)	NaNO3 (1.35)	50%	<1 hour
				None	ZnSO4 (1.2)	9%	3 hours
Toxocara	Sandy	2	Centrifugal flotation, recovery by adherence to 6 coverslips	Tween80 (NR)	NaNO3 (1.22)	15%	2-3 hours	[11]
		2	Passive flotation, recovery by adherence to 4 coverslips	Tween40 (NR)	ZnSO4 (1.2)	15%
Toxocara	Sandy	543	Passive flotation	None	Saccharose (1.27)	99.98%	<1 hour	[57]
Toxocara	Silty clay	200	Centrifugal flotation	NaOH (0.1 N)	Na2Cr2O7 (1.35)	7.5%	<1 hour	[58]
	Clay silt					13.9%
	Sandy					38%
	Sand					62.5%
Toxocara	Sandy	200	Centrifugal flotation, recovery by adherence to coverslip	Tween80 (0.2%)	ZnSO4 (1.2)	10.75%	2 days	[59, 60]
				NaOH (0.1 N)		8.8%
Toxocara	NR	1	Centrifugal flotation, recovery by adherence to 4 coverslips	None	MgSO4 (1.28)	47.2%	1-2 hours	[56]
Toxocara	NR	10	Centrifugal flotation (3 different methods: ([12, 60, 62])	Tween40 (0.5%)	NaNO3 (1.35)	46.83%	<1 hour	[55]
				Tween80 (1%)	NaNO3 (1.35)	71%	<1 hour
				None	ZnSO4 (1.2)	7.67%	3 hours
Toxocara	Clay	210	Centrifugal flotation X 3d, recovery by adherence to 4-5 coverslips	NaOH (0.1 N)	ZnSO4 (1.18)	66.19%	1-2 hours	[62]
Toxocara	Silt	20	Centrifugal flotation	Tween80 (0.1%)	NaCl (1.25)	45.3%	1-2 hours	[63]
	Sand				NaCl (1.25)	100.8%
	Laterite				ZnSO4 (1.52)	56.8%
Toxocara	NRd	0.48	Centrifugal flotation X 4	Tween80 (0.0025%)	MgSO4 (1.275)	82.5%	1-2 hours	[64]
Toxocara	NR	NR	Centrifugal flotation, recovery by adherence to 2 coverslips	Tween80 (1%)	NaNO3 (1.35)	69.8%	1-2 hours	[12]
Echinococcus	NR	100	Centrifugal flotation, recovery by adherence to coverslip	Tween80 (0.05%)	Sucrose (1.27)	10%	2-3 hours	[65]
Echinococcus	Sand	NR	Centrifugal flotation, recovery by adherence to coverslip	Tween80 (0.05%)	ZnCl2 (1.4)	NR	1-2 hours	[66]

^aEPG - Eggs per gram.

^bProcessing times estimated based on given times for incubation and centrifugation steps, and do not include time needed to examine the sample after recovery.

^cNR - not reported.

^dMultiple flotations performed (e.g. X 4 denotes four sequential flotations).