Table 4.
Metabolic Measures by Smoking Status
| Current Smokers (n = 66) |
Former Smokers (n = 145) |
Never Smokers (n = 218) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Waist | 49.5 (0.79) | 47.9 (0.68) | 47.6 (0.60) |
| Heart rate | 77.9 (1.70) | 75.7 (1.46) | 74.8 (1.28) |
| Systolic blood pressure | 129.6 (2.04) | 130.9 (1.75) | 130.9 (1.54) |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 81.5 (1.42) | 80.6 (1.21) | 81.8 (1.07) |
| Fasting glucose level * | 118.13 (4.91) | 111.67 (4.13) | 107.76 (3.78) |
| HbA1c * | 6.41 (0.13) | 6.20 (0.11) | 6.09 (0.10) |
| Total cholesterol | 188.29 (5.32) | 183.70 (4.53) | 181.81 (4.14) |
| % ≥ 150 mg/dL | 40.9 | 35.9 | 34.3 |
| HDL ‡ | 43.73 (1.86) | 50.66 (1.58) a | 49.35 (1.45) a |
| LDL | 113.59 (4.69) | 106.54 (3.29) | 108.14 (3.60) |
| Triglycerides * | 163.16 (11.50) | 142.01 (9.76) | 140.87 (8.23) |
| % meeting criteria for symptoms of metabolic syndrome (MetS) | |||
| Meeting criteria for MetS | 48.5 | 40.0 | 32.9 |
| Central or abdominal obesity (> 40 inches for men, > 36 inches for women) |
95.5 | 93.1 | 91.7 |
| Triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL | 27.3 | 29.7 | 26.0 |
| Reduced HDL cholesterol (< 40 mg/dL for men, < 50 mg/dL for women) † |
54.6 | 35.9 a | 35.9 a |
| Blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg | 48.5 | 44.1 | 48.9 |
| Fasting glucose ≥ 110 mg/dL ‡ | 21.2 | 26.9 | 11.9 b |
Notes.
*
Statistics are based on log-transformed values. Age, sex, race/ethnicity, and education were included as covariates in the analyses of continuous variables.
†
= significant F- or Chi-square statistics at p < .05 and p < .01.
‡
= significant F- or Chi-square statistics at p < .05 and p < .01.
a
= significantly different from current smokers.
b
= significantly different from former smokers.