Table 1.
Characteristics of homeless Veteran smokers vs. homeless non-Veteran smokers. a
| Characteristic | Veteran Smokers (n = 351) |
Non-Veteran Smokers (n = 2831) |
P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) | No. (%) | ||
| Socio-Demographic | |||
| Male | 315 (89.7) | 1525 (50.4) | <0.001 |
| Age | 47.0±9.7(49) | 35.8±12.4(35) | <0.001b |
| Education | <0.001 | ||
| < 12 Years | 69 (19.8) | 1255 (44.6) | . |
| ≥ 12 Years | 280 (80.2) | 1560 (55.4) | . |
| Currently Employed | 59 (16.8) | 437 (15.5) | 0.511 |
| Race | <0.001 | ||
| White | 184 (52.7) | 1106 (39.4) | . |
| African Ancestry | 101 (28.9) | 1072 (38.2) | . |
| American Indian | 41 (11.8) | 404 (14.4) | . |
| Other | 23 (6.6) | 228 (8.1) | |
| Marital Status | <0.001 | ||
| Married | 16 (4.6) | 114 (4.1) | . |
| Separated/Widowed/Divorced | 178 (51.3) | 793 (28.2) | . |
| Never Married | 153 (44.1) | 1910 (67.8) | . |
| Age 1st Homeless | 33.1±14.0(31) | 25.7±12.5(22) | <0.001b |
| Times Homeless | 0.433 | ||
| < 8 | 258 (75.2) | 2011 (73.2) | . |
| ≥ 8 | 85 (24.8) | 735 (26.8) | . |
| Abuse | |||
| Relationship | 55 (15.7) | 707 (25.1) | <.0001 |
| Childhood | 135 (39.0) | 1242 (44.4) | 0.058 |
| Healthcare | |||
| Medical Coverage | 245 (70.2) | 2072 (74.0) | 0.129 |
| Physical Health | |||
| Condition | |||
| Asthma | 51 (14.6) | 546 (19.4) | 0.031 |
| Respiratory Problem | 74 (21.2) | 303 (10.8) | <0.001 |
| Frostbite or Trenchfoot | 22 (6.3) | 77 (2.7) | <0.001 |
| High BP | 121 (34.7) | 628 (22.8) | <0.001 |
| Heart Problem | 55 (15.9) | 212 (7.6) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 37 (10.6) | 204 (7.3) | 0.026 |
| TB | 8 (2.3) | 26 (0.9) | 0.019 |
| Hepatitis | 35 (10.1) | 123 (4.4) | <0.001 |
| STI (not HIV/AIDS) | 2 (0.6) | 86 (3.1) | 0.008 |
| HIV/AIDS | 0 (0.0) | 43 (1.5) | 0.020 |
| 1(+) Conditions | 208 (59.8) | 1395 (50.1) | <0.001 |
| Needs Medical Care | 158 (45.0) | 1018 (36.2) | 0.001 |
| Mental Health | |||
| Condition | |||
| Schizophrenia | 24 (7.0) | 204 (7.3) | 0.827 |
| Paranoid Disorder | 28 (8.2) | 225 (8.0) | 0.939 |
| Bipolar Disorder | 82 (23.8) | 669 (24.0) | 0.934 |
| Depression | 141 (40.9) | 1140 (40.8) | 0.977 |
| Personality Disorder | 63 (18.2) | 498 (17.8) | 0.860 |
| PTSD | 100 (29.1) | 617 (22.2) | 0.004 |
| 1(+) Conditions | 183 (52.7) | 1453 (52.0) | 0.786 |
| Needs Medical Care | 140 (40.7) | 1140 (40.7) | 0.987 |
| Substance Use | |||
| Alcohol/Chemical Dependent | 160 (45.9) | 946 (33.6) | <0.001 |
| Cigarette Use | |||
| Prevalence | (74.2) | (70.0) | 0.055 |
| Cigarettes/Day | 12.6±8.8(10) | 11.0±8.7(10) | 0.001 |
| Age of Initiation | 15.3±5.3(15) | 15.3±5.3(15) | 0.966 |
a
Plus–minus values are means ±SD(median).
b
Satterthwaite test