Table 3.
Characteristics of homeless Veteran smokers vs. homeless Veteran nonsmokers. a
| Characteristic | Veteran Smokers (n = 351) |
Veteran Nonsmokers (n = 122) |
P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) | No. (%) | ||
| Socio-Demographic | |||
| Male | 315 (89.7) | 113 (92.6) | 0.350 |
| Age (Mean) | 47.0±9.7(49) | 47.7±11.7(49) | 0.539b |
| Education | 0.068 | ||
| < 12 Years | 69 (19.8) | 15 (12.4) | . |
| ≥ 12 Years | 280 (80.2) | 106 (87.6) | . |
| Total Monthly Income | 413.2±469.0(203) | 503.6±610.3(247) | 0.146b |
| Employed | 59 (16.8) | 21 (17.2) | 0.918 |
| Race | 0.411 | ||
| White | 184 (52.7) | 57 (47.1) | . |
| African Ancestry | 101 (28.9) | 45 (37.2) | . |
| American Indian | 41 (11.8) | 12 (9.9) | . |
| Other | 23 (6.6) | 7 (5.8) | |
| Marital Status | 0.195 | ||
| Married | 16 (4.6) | 10 (8.3) | . |
| Separated/Widowed Divorced | 178 (51.3) | 65 (54.2) | . |
| Never Married | 153 (44.1) | 45 (37.5) | . |
| Age 1st Homeless (Mean) | 33.1±14.0(31) | 35.3±14.6(36) | 0.141 |
| Times Homeless | 0.819 | ||
| < 8 | 258 (75.2) | 90 (76.3) | . |
| ≥ 8 | 85 (24.8) | 28 (23.7) | . |
| Military Service | |||
| Era of Service | 0.645 | ||
| Prior to 1964 | 5 (1.4) | 3 (2.5) | . |
| 1964 to 1980 | 177 (51.0) | 55 (45.1) | . |
| 1980 to 2003 | 143 (41.2) | 56 (45.9) | . |
| After 2003 | 22 (6.3) | 8 (6.6) | . |
| Combat Zone | 87 (25.4) | 38 (31.4) | 0.198 |
| Discharge Type | 0.012 | ||
| Honorable | 222 (65.3) | 91 (77.8) | . |
| Other | 118 (34.7) | 26 (22.2) | . |
| Veteran’s Benefits | 126 (35.9) | 56 (45.9) | 0.050 |
| Abuse | |||
| Relationship | 55 (15.7) | 11 (9.1) | 0.072 |
| Childhood | 135 (39.0) | 29 (24.0) | 0.003 |
| Healthcare | |||
| Medical Coverage | 245 (70.2) | 94 (77.7) | 0.114 |
| Mental Health | |||
| Condition | |||
| Schizophrenia | 24 (7.0) | 4 (3.3) | 0.151 |
| Paranoid Disorder | 28 (8.2) | 9 (7.5) | 0.818 |
| Bipolar Disorder | 82 (23.8) | 21 (17.7) | 0.166 |
| Depression | 141 (40.9) | 32 (27.1) | 0.008 |
| Personality Disorder | 63 (18.2) | 16 (13.3) | 0.220 |
| PTSD | 100 (29.1) | 28 (23.5) | 0.244 |
| 1(+) Conditions | 183 (52.7) | 45 (37.8) | 0.005 |
| Needs Medical Care | 140 (40.7) | 36 (30.0) | 0.857 |
| Substance Use | |||
| Alcohol/Chemical Dependent | 160 (45.9) | 35 (28.9) | 0.001 |
a
Plus–minus values are means ±SD (median).
b
Satterthwaite test