Table 1.
Patient Characteristics (N=38)
| Characteristic | Value |
|---|---|
| Male, No. (%) | 26 (68) |
| Age at seizure onset, median (IQR), mo | 11.0 (1-51) |
| Age at surgery, median (IQR), y | 6.5 (1-13) |
| Duration of epilepsy, median (IQR), y | 3.3 (1-8) |
| Seizure onset, No. (%) | |
| Focal | 36 (95) |
| Secondarily generalized | 15 (39) |
| Spasmsa | 8 (21) |
| History of febrile seizure, No. (%) | 4 (11) |
| Number of trialed antiepileptic drugs, median (IQR) | 5 (5-8) |
| Ketogenic diet, No. (%) | 8 (21) |
| Vagal nerve stimulator, No. (%) | 4 (11) |
| Normal neurologic examination findings, No. (%) | 17 (45) |
| Absent or mild intellectual disability, No. (%) | 20 (53) |
| MRI, No. (%) | |
| Positive for FCD | 26 (68) |
| Negative for FCD | 12 (32) |
| EEG findings, No. (%) | |
| Focal interictal abnormality | 11 (29) |
| Focal ictal onset | 20 (53) |
| Intracranial monitoring, No. (%) | 14 (37) |
| Electrocorticography alone, No. (%) | 10 (26) |
| SISCOM, No. (%) | |
| Concordant with MRI+ FCD | 10 (26) |
| Concordant with focal ictal onset EEG | 12 (32) |
| Surgery type, No. (%) | |
| Lesionectomy | 23 (61) |
| Lobectomy | 10 (26) |
| Multilobar resection | 5 (13) |
| Surgery lateralization (right hemisphere), No. (%) | 22 (58) |
| Surgery location (temporal), No. (%) | 11 (29) |
Abbreviations: EEG , electroencephalography; FCD, focal cortical dysplasia; IQR, interquartile range; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; SISCOM, subtraction ictal SPECT co-registered to MRI.
a
Two patients (5%) had epileptic spasms only.