Table 6.

Dichotomous moderator analysis of medication adherence effect size: Intervention characteristics

Moderator	k	Effect size	Standard error	Qbetween	p (Qbetween)
Intervention delivery medium				3.845	.050
Face to-face	29	0.411	0.093
Mediated delivery (e.g., telephone, mail)	11	0.182	0.071
Behaviors targeted with intervention				0.1	.752
Medication adherence exclusively targeted	24	0.318	0.081
Multiple behaviors including medication adherence	16	0.282	0.091
Motivational interviewing theory/approach				2.142	.143
Present	9	0.186	0.074
Absent	31	0.336	0.070
Social Cognitive Theory				3.590	.058
Present	6	0.086	0.126
Absent	34	0.356	0.067
Subjects self-monitoring adherence behavior				0.651	.420
Present	8	0.382	0.105
Absent	32	0.283	0.065
Subjects self-monitoring signs of disease				0.943	.331
Present	5	0.213	0.073
Absent	35	0.309	0.066
Strategies to manage/reduce medication side effects				0.026	.873
Present	5	0.255	0.265
Absent	35	0.299	0.060
Prompts or cues to administer medications				4.481	.034
Present	10	0.497	0.107
Absent	30	0.234	0.063
Rewards or consequences for increased adherence				0.189	.663
Present	6	0.365	0.165
Absent	34	0.288	0.062
Habit assessment and linkage for adherence				7.237	.007
Present	12	0.574	0.116
Absent	28	0.222	0.061
Adherence goal setting				3.024	.082
Present	13	0.121	0.121
Absent	27	0.363	0.068
Improve communication between patients and providers				0.943	.332
Present	8	0.204	0.107
Absent	32	0.326	0.066
Feedback to patients about adherence levels				0	.992
Present	10	0.303	0.143
Absent	30	0.305	0.065

k denotes number of comparisons. Effect size is standardized mean difference. Q is a conventional heterogeneity statistic.