Table 6.
Moderator | k | Effect size | Standard error | Qbetween | p (Qbetween) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intervention delivery medium | 3.845 | .050 | |||
Face to-face | 29 | 0.411 | 0.093 | ||
Mediated delivery (e.g., telephone, mail) | 11 | 0.182 | 0.071 | ||
| |||||
Behaviors targeted with intervention | 0.1 | .752 | |||
Medication adherence exclusively targeted | 24 | 0.318 | 0.081 | ||
Multiple behaviors including medication adherence | 16 | 0.282 | 0.091 | ||
| |||||
Motivational interviewing theory/approach | 2.142 | .143 | |||
Present | 9 | 0.186 | 0.074 | ||
Absent | 31 | 0.336 | 0.070 | ||
| |||||
Social Cognitive Theory | 3.590 | .058 | |||
Present | 6 | 0.086 | 0.126 | ||
Absent | 34 | 0.356 | 0.067 | ||
| |||||
Subjects self-monitoring adherence behavior | 0.651 | .420 | |||
Present | 8 | 0.382 | 0.105 | ||
Absent | 32 | 0.283 | 0.065 | ||
| |||||
Subjects self-monitoring signs of disease | 0.943 | .331 | |||
Present | 5 | 0.213 | 0.073 | ||
Absent | 35 | 0.309 | 0.066 | ||
| |||||
Strategies to manage/reduce medication side effects | 0.026 | .873 | |||
Present | 5 | 0.255 | 0.265 | ||
Absent | 35 | 0.299 | 0.060 | ||
| |||||
Prompts or cues to administer medications | 4.481 | .034 | |||
Present | 10 | 0.497 | 0.107 | ||
Absent | 30 | 0.234 | 0.063 | ||
| |||||
Rewards or consequences for increased adherence | 0.189 | .663 | |||
Present | 6 | 0.365 | 0.165 | ||
Absent | 34 | 0.288 | 0.062 | ||
| |||||
Habit assessment and linkage for adherence | 7.237 | .007 | |||
Present | 12 | 0.574 | 0.116 | ||
Absent | 28 | 0.222 | 0.061 | ||
| |||||
Adherence goal setting | 3.024 | .082 | |||
Present | 13 | 0.121 | 0.121 | ||
Absent | 27 | 0.363 | 0.068 | ||
| |||||
Improve communication between patients and providers | 0.943 | .332 | |||
Present | 8 | 0.204 | 0.107 | ||
Absent | 32 | 0.326 | 0.066 | ||
| |||||
Feedback to patients about adherence levels | 0 | .992 | |||
Present | 10 | 0.303 | 0.143 | ||
Absent | 30 | 0.305 | 0.065 |
k denotes number of comparisons. Effect size is standardized mean difference. Q is a conventional heterogeneity statistic.