Table 2.
Stratified associations between PTSD and CVD events, Denmark, 1995–2011
| CVD events |
||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Myocardial infarction |
Stroke |
Ischaemic stroke |
Venous thromboembolism |
|||||||||
| O | E | SIR (95% CI) | O | E | SIR (95% CI) | O | E | SIR (95% CI) | O | E | SIR (95% CI) | |
| PTSD | 54 | 37.2 | 1.5 (1.1 to 1.9) | 95 | 55.0 | 1.7 (1.4 to 2.1) | 50 | 27.6 | 1.8 (1.4 to 2.4) | 78 | 36.7 | 2.1 (1.7 to 2.7) |
| Gender | ||||||||||||
| Male | 33 | 21.3 | 1.6 (1.1 to 2.2) | 43 | 24.0 | 1.8 (1.3 to 2.4) | 30 | 12.5 | 2.4 (1.6 to 3.4) | 30 | 13.3 | 2.3 (1.5 to 3.2) |
| Female | 21 | 15.9 | 1.3 (0.82 to 2.0) | 52 | 31.0 | 1.7 (1.3 to 2.2) | 20 | 15.0 | 1.3 (0.81 to 2.1) | 48 | 23.4 | 2.1 (1.5 to 2.7) |
| Age at PTSD diagnosis (years) | ||||||||||||
| 16–39 | 12 | 4.7 | 2.6 (1.3 to 4.5) | 23 | 7.6 | 3.0 (1.9 to 4.6) | 10 | 3.9 | 2.6 (1.2 to 4.8) | 31 | 12.0 | 2.6 (1.8 to 3.7) |
| 40–59 | 29 | 22.8 | 1.3 (0.85 to 1.8) | 53 | 30.9 | 1.7 (1.3 to 2.2) | 32 | 16.4 | 2.0 (1.3 to 2.8) | 36 | 19.0 | 1.9 (1.3 to 2.6) |
| 60+ | 13 | 9.7 | 1.3 (0.72 to 2.3) | 19 | 16.5 | 1.2 (0.69 to 1.8) | 8 | 7.3 | 1.1 (0.47 to 2.2) | 11 | 5.8 | 1.9 (0.95 to 3.4) |
| Depression diagnosis | ||||||||||||
| Yes | – | – | – | 8 | 3.5 | 2.3 (1.0 to 4.5) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| No | 51 | 34.9 | 1.5 (1.1 to 1.9) | 87 | 51.5 | 1.7 (1.4 to 2.1) | 47 | 25.8 | 1.8 (1.3 to 2.4) | 74 | 34.8 | 2.1 (1.7 to 2.7) |
| Alcohol diagnoses | ||||||||||||
| Yes | – | – | – | 5 | 1.8 | 2.8 (0.91 to 6.6) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| No | 52 | 35.7 | 1.5 (1.1 to 1.9) | 90 | 53.2 | 1.7 (1.4 to 2.1) | 48 | 26.6 | 1.8 (1.3 to 2.4) | 74 | 35.6 | 2.1 (1.6 to 2.6) |
| CCI score | ||||||||||||
| 0 | 38 | 30.6 | 1.2 (0.88 to 1.7) | 71 | 45.0 | 1.6 (1.2 to 2.0) | 39 | 22.6 | 1.7 (1.2 to 2.4) | 58 | 31.2 | 1.9 (1.4 to 2.4) |
| 1+ | 16 | 6.6 | 2.4 (1.4 to 3.9) | 24 | 10.0 | 2.4 (1.5 to 3.6) | 11 | 5.0 | 2.2 (1.1 to 4.0) | 20 | 5.5 | 3.6 (2.2 to 5.6) |
| Follow-up time (years) | ||||||||||||
| 1 to <5 | 22 | 15.1 | 1.5 (0.91 to 2.2) | 40 | 22.0 | 1.8 (1.3 to 2.5) | 22 | 10.1 | 2.2 (1.4 to 3.3) | 27 | 14.5 | 1.9 (1.2 to 2.7) |
| 5 to <10 | 21 | 13.4 | 1.6 (0.97 to 2.4) | 33 | 19.7 | 1.7 (1.2 to 2.4) | 17 | 10.0 | 1.7 (0.99 to 2.7) | 30 | 13.1 | 2.3 (1.6 to 3.3) |
| 10+ | 11 | 8.6 | 1.3 (0.64 to 2.3) | 22 | 13.3 | 1.7 (1.0 to 2.5) | 11 | 7.5 | 1.5 (0.73 to 2.6) | 21 | 9.1 | 2.3 (1.4 to 3.5) |
Data for strata with less than five participants not presented.
CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; SIR, standardised incidence rate.