Goal trackers, and not sign trackers, are responsible for virtually all changes in CS response behavior following reward devaluation. (A) Mean PCA index for operationally defined sign trackers (left-hand side of panel) and goal trackers (right-hand side of panel) in the paired group (blue) and unpaired group (red) during the last 4 days of training (“pre”) and the test session (“post”). (B) Mean change in PCA index from pre- to post-devaluation for sign trackers (left) and goal trackers (right) in the paired group (blue) and unpaired group (red). Both panels: error bars, ±SEM; single asterisk, p < 0.05; n.s., non-significant (p > 0.1). (C–E) Mean probability index (C), bias index (D), and latency index (E) for operationally defined sign trackers (left-hand side of panels) and goal trackers (right-hand side of panels) during the last 4 days of training (blue) and the test session (red) in the paired group and unpaired group. (F–H) Mean change in probability index (F), bias index (G), and latency index (H) from training to test session among sign trackers (left) and goal trackers (right) for the paired group (green) and unpaired group (gray). All panels: error bars, ±SEM; asterisk, corrected p < 0.05; dagger, corrected or uncorrected p < 0.1. All unlabeled comparisons are non-significant (uncorrected p > 0.1).