Table 2.
The frequency analysis of clinical and biochemical markers for the total sample and according to the abnormal glucose metabolism status
| Characteristic | Total sample | Known with diabetes | Not known with diabetes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type 1 | Type 2 | Total | Normal* | New diabetics* | IFG* | ||
| Number | 23 523 | 88 | 17 | 23 418 | 15 419 | 735 | 1053 |
| Age (years) | |||||||
| <6 | 6232 (26.49) | 21 (23.86) | 0 | 6211 (26.52) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 6–12 | 8259 (35.11) | 26 (29.55) | 8 (47.06) | 8225 (35.12) | 6714 (43.54) | 290 (39.46) | 408 (38.75) |
| 13–18 | 9032 (38.40) | 41 (46.59) | 9 (52.94) | 8982 (38.36) | 8705 (56.46) | 445 (60.54) | 645 (61.25) |
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | 11 708 (49.77) | 39 (44.32) | 8 (47.06) | 11 661 (49.80) | 7606 (49.33) | 391 (53.20) | 552 (52.45) |
| Female | 11 815 (50.23) | 49 (55.68) | 9 (52.94) | 11 757 (50.20) | 7813 (50.67) | 344 (46.80) | 501 (47.55) |
| Family history of diabetes | |||||||
| Yes | 12 218 (51.94) | 67 (76.14) | 12 (70.59) | 12 139 (51.84) | 8544 (55.41) | 385 (52.38) | 539 (51.19) |
| Residency | |||||||
| Urban | 17 339 (73.71) | 68 (77.27) | 14 (82.35) | 17 257 (73.69) | 10 068 (65.30) | 499 (67.89) | 779 (73.97) |
| Rural | 6184 (26.29) | 20 (22.73) | 3 (17.65) | 6161 (26.31) | 5351 (34.70) | 236 (32.11) | 274 (26.03) |
| Income | |||||||
| <8000 SR | 17 773 (75.55) | 60 (68.18) | 12 (70.59) | 17 701 (75.59) | 12 178 (78.98) | 504 (68.57) | 797 (75.73) |
| ≥8000 SR | 5750 (24.45) | 28 (31.82) | 5 (29.41) | 5717 (24.41) | 3241 (21.02) | 231 (31.43) | 256 (24.27) |
| Body mass index | |||||||
| <95th centile | 19 712 (83.80) | 72 (81.82) | 13 (76.47) | 19 627 (83.81) | 13 269 (86.06) | 621 (84.49) | 836 (79.35) |
| ≥95th centile | 3811 (16.20) | 16 (18.18) | 4 (23.53) | 3791 (16.19) | 2150 (13.94) | 114 (15.51) | 217 (20.65) |
| Systolic blood pressure | |||||||
| <85th centile | 19 879 (84.51) | 70 (79.55) | 14 (82.35) | 19 795 (8453) | 13 456 (87.27) | 644 (87.62) | 884 (83.94) |
| ≥85th centile | 3644 (15.49) | 18 (20.45) | 3 (17.65) | 3623 (15.47) | 1963 (12.73) | 91 (12.38) | 169 (16.06) |
| Diastolic blood pressure | |||||||
| <85th centile | 17 751 (75.46) | 63 (71.59) | 13 (76.47) | 17 675 ( 75.48) | 12 400 (80.42) | 555 (75.51) | 822 (78.10) |
| ≥85th centile | 5772 (24.54) | 25 (28.41) | 4 (23.53) | 5743 (24.52) | 3019 (19.58) | 180 (24.49) | 231 (21.90) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | |||||||
| <5.18 | 19 559 (83.15) | 62 (70.45) | 12 (70.59) | 19 485 (83.21) | 13 391 (86.85) | 418 (56.87) | 723 (68.63) |
| ≥5.18 | 3964 (16.85) | 26 (29.55) | 5 (29.41) | 3933 (16.79) | 2028 (13.15) | 317 (43.13) | 330 (31.37) |
| Low-density lipoprotein (mmol/L) | |||||||
| <3.37 | 18 818 (80.00) | 52 (59.09) | 10 (58.82) | 18 756 (80.09) | 12 828 (83.20) | 436 (59.32) | 733 (69.63) |
| ≥3.37 | 4705 (20.00) | 36 (40.91) | 7 (41.18) | 4662 (19.91) | 2591 (16.80) | 299 (40.68) | 320 (30.37) |
| High-density lipoprotein (mmol/L) | |||||||
| <0.91 | 7313 (31.09) | 21 (23.86) | 6 (35.29) | 7286 (31.11) | 4712 (30.56) | 322 (43.81) | 385 (36.59) |
| ≥0.91 | 16 210 (68.91) | 67 (76.14) | 11 (64.71) | 16 132 (68.89) | 10 707 (69.44) | 413 (56.19) | 668 (63.41) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | |||||||
| <1.13+<1.47† | 17 558 (74.64) | 52 (59.19) | 12 (70.59) | 17 494 (74.70) | 12 249 (79.44) | 365 (49.66) | 645 (61.26) |
| ≥1.13+≥1.47† | 5965 (25.36) | 36 (40.91) | 5 (29.41) | 5924 (25.30) | 3170 (20.56) | 370 (50.34) | 408 (38.74) |
*Excluding children <6 years of age.
†According to the NCEP where triglycerides were considered high if the level was ≥1.13 mmol/L for participants ≤9 years and 1.47 mmol/L for participants aged 10–18 years.
IFG, impaired fasting glucose; NCEP, National Cholesterol Education programme; SR, Saudi Riyals.