Table 1.
Characteristics of pregnancies (n=756) to HIV-positive women in Kisesa and proportions accessing HIV care/ARVs by factor
| Factor | Category | Total number (%) of pregnancies | Number (%) in ‘HIV care’ | Number (%) accessed ARVs | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | <20 | 36 | 4.8 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| 20–29 | 339 | 44.8 | 73 | 21.5 | 29 | 8.6 | |
| 30–39 | 347 | 45.9 | 97 | 28.0 | 53 | 15.3 | |
| 40+ | 34 | 4.5 | 10 | 29.4 | 6 | 17.6 | |
| Year | 2005–6 | 167 | 22.1 | 3 | 1.8 | 2 | 1.2 |
| of pregnancy | 2007–8 | 209 | 27.6 | 21 | 10.0 | 11 | 5.3 |
| 2009–10 | 183 | 24.2 | 66 | 36.1 | 23 | 12.6 | |
| 2011–2012 | 197 | 26.1 | 90 | 45.7 | 52 | 26.4 | |
| Residence area | Rural | 371 | 49.1 | 70 | 18.9 | 44 | 11.9 |
| Roadside | 202 | 26.7 | 61 | 30.2 | 23 | 11.4 | |
| Trading Centre | 183 | 24.2 | 49 | 26.8 | 21 | 11.5 | |
| Marital status | Married now | 529 | 70.0 | 138 | 26.1 | 67 | 12.7 |
| Never married | 69 | 9.1 | 10 | 14.5 | 3 | 4.3 | |
| Married before | 158 | 20.9 | 32 | 20.3 | 18 | 11.4 | |
| Education | At least P5 | 472 | 62.5 | 119 | 25.2 | 60 | 12.7 |
| P1–4 | 80 | 10.6 | 13 | 16.3 | 8 | 10.0 | |
| No education | 203 | 26.9 | 48 | 23.6 | 20 | 9.9 | |
| Religion | Catholic | 311 | 41.9 | 80 | 25.7 | 37 | 11.9 |
| Other Christian | 386 | 52.0 | 84 | 21.8 | 38 | 9.8 | |
| Muslim | 21 | 2.8 | 7 | 33.3 | 5 | 23.8 | |
| Traditional | 25 | 3.4 | 4 | 16.0 | 4 | 16.0 | |
| Ethnicity | Sukuma | 688 | 91.1 | 167 | 24.3 | 83 | 12.1 |
| Other | 67 | 8.9 | 13 | 19.4 | 5 | 7.5 | |
| (Personal) income | Farming or manual work | 438 | 58.2 | 102 | 23.3 | 51 | 11.6 |
| Some business | 208 | 27.6 | 48 | 23.1 | 28 | 13.5 | |
| None | 107 | 14.2 | 30 | 28.0 | 9 | 8.4 | |
| Gravidity | 1 | 86 | 11.4 | 10 | 11.6 | 4 | 4.7 |
| (pregnancy number) | 2 | 125 | 16.5 | 24 | 19.2 | 10 | 8.0 |
| 3 | 150 | 19.8 | 24 | 16.0 | 11 | 7.3 | |
| 4 | 130 | 17.2 | 36 | 27.7 | 15 | 11.5 | |
| ≥5 | 265 | 35.1 | 86 | 32.5 | 48 | 18.1 | |
| Any children died | No | 401 | 54.3 | 86 | 21.4 | 39 | 9.7 |
| Yes | 338 | 45.7 | 89 | 26.3 | 46 | 13.6 | |
| Duration of HIV | ≤2 years | 219 | 29.0 | 25 | 11.4 | 12 | 5.5 |
| infection | >2–4 years | 209 | 27.6 | 39 | 18.7 | 12 | 5.7 |
| >4 years | 328 | 43.4 | 116 | 35.4 | 64 | 19.5 | |
| Prior VCT | No | 512 | 67.7 | 86 | 16.8 | 36 | 7.0 |
| Yes | 244 | 32.3 | 94 | 38.5 | 52 | 21.3 | |
| Knowledge of HIV | None | 96 | 12.7 | 11 | 11.5 | 6 | 6.3 |
| transmission | MTCT | 35 | 4.6 | 12 | 34.3 | 6 | 17.1 |
| Other modes | 314 | 41.5 | 87 | 27.7 | 46 | 14.6 | |
| No prior report* | 311 | 41.1 | 70 | 22.5 | 30 | 9.6 | |
| ART knowledge† | ≤2 correct statements | 119 | 15.7 | 36 | 30.3 | 17 | 14.3 |
| 3 correct statements | 88 | 11.6 | 26 | 29.5 | 11 | 12.5 | |
| 4–5 correct statements | 87 | 11.5 | 42 | 48.3 | 26 | 29.9 | |
| No prior report* | 462 | 61.1 | 76 | 16.5 | 34 | 7.4 | |
| Relatives with or | No | 493 | 66.7 | 107 | 21.7 | 47 | 9.5 |
| died from HIV | Yes | 246 | 33.3 | 68 | 27.6 | 39 | 15.9 |
| Know someone | No | 515 | 71.7 | 113 | 21.9 | 53 | 10.3 |
| taking ART | Yes | 203 | 28.3 | 64 | 31.5 | 34 | 16.7 |
| Partner HIV status | Unknown‡ | 450 | 59.5 | 135 | 30.0 | 66 | 14.7 |
| Positive (had VCT) | 10 | 1.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | |
| Positive (no VCT) | 34 | 4.5 | 4 | 11.8 | 3 | 8.8 | |
| Negative | 50 | 6.6 | 3 | 6.0 | 3 | 6.0 | |
| No spousal link | 212 | 28.0 | 38 | 17.9 | 16 | 7.5 | |
Missing values: education (1); religion (13); ethnicity (1); income (3); children died (17); relatives died (17); know someone on ART (38).
*No prior report: knowledge data point after pregnancy, or from an earlier serosurvey questionnaire lacking the same question.
†Statements: “Drugs can only slow down HIV illness not stop it”; “ART drugs are very dangerous and can kill people”; “ART drugs have to be used for life”; “ART drugs are available free of charge in Tanzania”; “Everyone who is infected with HIV needs drugs”.
‡Unknown to the study investigators.
ART, antiretroviral treatment; ARV, antiretroviral; MTCT, mother-to-child transmission; P1–4, primary level 1–4 years; P5, primary level 5 years; VCT, voluntary counselling and testing.