Table 2.
Characteristics of patients hospitalised with AF in France in 2012 (all p<0.001)
| Patients discharged alive n=482 879 |
Patients who died during hospitalisation n=50 165 |
|
|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), years | 77.6±11.5 | 82.3±9.3 |
| Women, % | 47.1 | 47.6 |
| Cumulative length of stay in hospital (or to death), median (IQR), median (IQR), days | 9.0 (4.0–17.0) | 14.0 (6.0–28.0) |
| Comorbidities*, % | ||
| Alcohol-related diagnosis | 5.9 | 7.5 |
| Anaemia | 22.6 | 35.5 |
| Cancer in preceding 5 years | 17.8 | 30.2 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 24.0 | 26.7 |
| Hypertension | 69.9 | 73.0 |
| Inflammatory disease | 9.5 | 11.9 |
| Liver failure | 4.3 | 8.8 |
| Lung disease | 21.3 | 34.2 |
| Neurological disease | 9.9 | 15.6 |
| Renal failure | 21.2 | 39.1 |
| Thyroid disease | 13.3 | 14.3 |
| Cardiovascular history (%) | ||
| Stroke | 7.9 | 9.6 |
| Ischaemic | 6.2 | 7.3 |
| Haemorrhagic | 1.1 | 1.5 |
| Unspecified | 1.6 | 2.2 |
| Major haemorrhage† | 2.4 | 3.3 |
| Intracranial | 0.5 | 0.7 |
| Gastrointestinal | 0.9 | 1.5 |
| Any severe bleeding | 1.1 | 1.5 |
| Systemic embolism | 3.0 | 4.4 |
| Transient ischaemic attack | 3.0 | 3.3 |
| Vascular disease | 17.2 | 22.4 |
| Myocardial infarction | 7.8 | 9.6 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 9.4 | 13.4 |
| Occlusion of precerebral artery or other arterial disorder | 4.2 | 5.7 |
| Other ischaemic heart disease | 21.7 | 25.6 |
| Symptoms of AF leading to hospitalisation | 7.4 | 6.5 |
| Heart failure | 28.3 | 41.8 |
| Cardiac dysrhythmia | 7.6 | 8.3 |
| Abnormal cardiac conduction | 16.0 | 18.9 |
| Valvular disease/surgery | 13.5 | 17.3 |
| Mitral stenosis | 0.8 | 0.9 |
| Accidental falls | 9.5 | 15.4 |
| Risk scores | ||
| CHA2DS2-VASc, mean (SD) | 4.0 (1.8) | 4.6 (1.6) |
| CHA2DS2-VASc, median (IQR) | 4.0 (3.0–5.0) | 5.0 (4.0–6.0) |
| Score 0–3, % | 38.6 | 24.3 |
| Score 4–6, % | 53.8 | 63.9 |
| Score 7–9, % | 7.6 | 11.8 |
| HAS-BLED, mean (SD) | 2.1 (1.1) | 2.6 (1.1) |
| HAS-BLED, median (IQR) | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 2.0 (2.0–3.0) |
| Score 0–2, % | 68.2 | 50.4 |
| Score ≥3% | 31.8 | 49.6 |
*From the International Classification of Disease 10th edition (ICD-10) codes (see online supplementary table S1).
†Bleeding leading to a hospitalisation: intracranial haemorrhage, gastrointestinal haemorrhage, other major bleeding.
AF, atrial fibrillation; CHA2DS2-VASc, Cardiac failure or dysfunction, Hypertension, Age ≥75 (Doubled), Diabetes, Stroke (Doubled)-Vascular disease, Age 65–74 and Sex category (Female); HAS-BLED, Hypertension, Abnormal renal/liver function, Stroke, Bleeding history or predisposition, Labile international normalised ratio (INR), Elderly, Drugs/alcohol concomitantly.